NR 503 Epidemiology final
Kleinman explanatory Model
Eliciting the patient's (explanatory) model gives the physician knowledge of the beliefs
the patient holds about his illness, the personal and social meaning he attaches to his
disorder, his expectations about what will happen to him and what the doctor will do,
and his own therapeutic goals
Cultural competence
Cultural competence is defined as "a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an
individual, system or health care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery
strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior
of those to whom they render care"
Cultural Awareness
:Self-examination of one's own prejudices and biases toward other cultures. An in-depth
exploration of one's own cultural/ethnic background.
Cultural humility
A lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critiques, redressing the power of
imbalances in the patient- physician dynamic, developing mutually. Beneficial
relationships.
Cultural Knowledge
Obtaining a sound educational foundation concerning the various worldviews of
differences cultures. Obtaining knowledge regarding biological variations, disease and
health conditions and variation in drug metabolism.
Cultural Skill:
Ability to collect culturally relevant data regarding the client's health history and
presenting problem. Ability to conduct culturally based physician assessments.
Conducting these assessments in a culturally sensitive manner.
Cultural Desire
Motivation of the healthcare provider to "want" to engage in the process of cultural
competence, characteristics of compassion, authenticity, humility, openness,
availability, and flexibility, commi tment and passion to caring, regardless of conflict.
ethnicity
as "the aggregate of cultural practices, social influences, religious pursuits, and racial
characteristics shaping the distinctive identity of community"
Cultural competence in nursing consists of four principles.
Care is designed for the specific client.
Care is based on the uniqueness of the person's culture and includes cultural norms
and values.
Care includes self-employment strategies to facilitate client decision making to improve
health behaviors.
Care is provided with sensitivity and is based on the cultural uniqueness of clients.
The APN may also use the Kleinman Explanatory Model of Illness (1978). Below
are the questions that can be utilized.
What do you call your problem?
What do you think caused your problem?
Why do you think it started when it did?
, What does your sickness do to you?
What do you fear most about your sickness?
What are the chief problems your sickness has caused you?
What kind of treatment do you think you should receive?
What is the most important result you hope to receive from the treatment?
According to Giger and Davidhizer (2000), although cultures differ, they all have
the same basic organizing factors that must be assessed in order to provide care
for culturally diverse patients. These factors include
communication (verbal and nonverbal);
personal space;
social organization;
time perception;
environmental control; and
biological variations.
The National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC) provides national
leadership and contributes to the body of knowledge on cultural and linguistic
competency within systems and organizations. Major emphasis is placed on
translating evidence into policy and practice for programs and personnel
concerned with health and mental healthcare delivery, administration, education,
and advocacy.
The NCCC uses four major approaches to fulfill its mission, including
Web-based technical assistance, (2) knowledge development and dissemination, (3)
supporting a community of learners, and (4) collaboration and partnerships with diverse
groups.
These approaches entail the provision of training, technical assistance, and
consultation and are intended to facilitate networking, linkages, and information
exchange. The NCCC has particular expertise in developing instruments and
conducting organizational self-assessment processes to advance cultural and
linguistic competency.
Epidemiological Triad:
host, agent, environment
Genetics is considered an agent in the epidemiological triad
Genetics
The study of individual genes and their impact on relatively rare single gene disorders
Genomics
The study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other
genes, the individual's environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial
factors
Genetic epidemiology
the link of epidemiology and genetics
Absolute risk
is the probability of an event, such as illness, injury, or death
Absolute risk
gives no indication of how its magnitude compares with others.
The odds ratio
closely approximates the relative risk if the disease is rare.
Kleinman explanatory Model
Eliciting the patient's (explanatory) model gives the physician knowledge of the beliefs
the patient holds about his illness, the personal and social meaning he attaches to his
disorder, his expectations about what will happen to him and what the doctor will do,
and his own therapeutic goals
Cultural competence
Cultural competence is defined as "a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an
individual, system or health care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery
strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior
of those to whom they render care"
Cultural Awareness
:Self-examination of one's own prejudices and biases toward other cultures. An in-depth
exploration of one's own cultural/ethnic background.
Cultural humility
A lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critiques, redressing the power of
imbalances in the patient- physician dynamic, developing mutually. Beneficial
relationships.
Cultural Knowledge
Obtaining a sound educational foundation concerning the various worldviews of
differences cultures. Obtaining knowledge regarding biological variations, disease and
health conditions and variation in drug metabolism.
Cultural Skill:
Ability to collect culturally relevant data regarding the client's health history and
presenting problem. Ability to conduct culturally based physician assessments.
Conducting these assessments in a culturally sensitive manner.
Cultural Desire
Motivation of the healthcare provider to "want" to engage in the process of cultural
competence, characteristics of compassion, authenticity, humility, openness,
availability, and flexibility, commi tment and passion to caring, regardless of conflict.
ethnicity
as "the aggregate of cultural practices, social influences, religious pursuits, and racial
characteristics shaping the distinctive identity of community"
Cultural competence in nursing consists of four principles.
Care is designed for the specific client.
Care is based on the uniqueness of the person's culture and includes cultural norms
and values.
Care includes self-employment strategies to facilitate client decision making to improve
health behaviors.
Care is provided with sensitivity and is based on the cultural uniqueness of clients.
The APN may also use the Kleinman Explanatory Model of Illness (1978). Below
are the questions that can be utilized.
What do you call your problem?
What do you think caused your problem?
Why do you think it started when it did?
, What does your sickness do to you?
What do you fear most about your sickness?
What are the chief problems your sickness has caused you?
What kind of treatment do you think you should receive?
What is the most important result you hope to receive from the treatment?
According to Giger and Davidhizer (2000), although cultures differ, they all have
the same basic organizing factors that must be assessed in order to provide care
for culturally diverse patients. These factors include
communication (verbal and nonverbal);
personal space;
social organization;
time perception;
environmental control; and
biological variations.
The National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC) provides national
leadership and contributes to the body of knowledge on cultural and linguistic
competency within systems and organizations. Major emphasis is placed on
translating evidence into policy and practice for programs and personnel
concerned with health and mental healthcare delivery, administration, education,
and advocacy.
The NCCC uses four major approaches to fulfill its mission, including
Web-based technical assistance, (2) knowledge development and dissemination, (3)
supporting a community of learners, and (4) collaboration and partnerships with diverse
groups.
These approaches entail the provision of training, technical assistance, and
consultation and are intended to facilitate networking, linkages, and information
exchange. The NCCC has particular expertise in developing instruments and
conducting organizational self-assessment processes to advance cultural and
linguistic competency.
Epidemiological Triad:
host, agent, environment
Genetics is considered an agent in the epidemiological triad
Genetics
The study of individual genes and their impact on relatively rare single gene disorders
Genomics
The study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other
genes, the individual's environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial
factors
Genetic epidemiology
the link of epidemiology and genetics
Absolute risk
is the probability of an event, such as illness, injury, or death
Absolute risk
gives no indication of how its magnitude compares with others.
The odds ratio
closely approximates the relative risk if the disease is rare.
