NUR 1210 Medication Administration Basic Principles 1, Chapt. 31
Iatrogenic Disease: Caused by the drug that is given to PT
• Ex. When a patient is given a Broad Antibiotic, it will kill ALL the Flora (Bacteria) in the body Including
the GOOD bacteria and patient can get Thrush, or C dif etc.
Drugs
• Nomenclature (Name):
o Chemical name: precise description of chem makeup
o Generic name: The name of the Drug that refers to the CHEMICAL MAKEUP of the Drug
o Official name: How it is listed in publications
o Trade Name: Listed by Manufacturer, the Trademarked Name of a Drug
• Preparation: Pill, Capsule, Tablet, IV, Injection, or Transdermal etc.
• Therapeutic Effect: How the drug works on the body
o Ex. Insulin will lower the blood sugar
• Pharmacologic Effect: Effect drugs have on the Organs & Systems of the Body
• Classification: How the drug works on the body
o Therapeutic Class: What condition the drug will Treat
§ According to the symptoms of the drug
o Ex. Antipyrexia (Anti Fever) Medication
§ According to clinical condition: What effect the drug will have on the body
o Ex. Antihypertensive, Anticonvulsive, Antidiabetic
o Pharmacologic Class: What effect the drug will have on the body
§ Ex. Active Factor X Inhibitor: Will prevent blood clots by blocking the activity of clotting factor X
Mechanics of drug action
• Pharmacodynamics: What the
body does with the medication
• Pharmacokinetics: What does
the patient body do to the drug
o Absorption: Process of which the drug is
absorbed from the entry site to the
§ Route of administration:
o PO: By mouth
o IM: Injection into Muscle
§ Given with 2.5” – 3” Needle at 90⁰
o IV: Most dangerous and fastest acting route
§ Cannot be reversed or stopped
§ Most dependable dosage
§ Drug solubility: How quickly the drug is absorbed
o Liquid will absorb quicker than a solid drug
Page 1 of 10
, NUR 1210 Medication Administration Basic Principles 1, Chapt. 31
o Capsules must deteriorate first and pass through the GI Tract to be absorbed
o Can be placed in oil or solid protein will
o Clear insulin is FAST ACTING, cloudy insulin has Solid protein in it and slows it
down
• Distribution: The drug will act on a
specific organ or spot in the body
o Drugs for the liver, will go the
liver and treat the issue
• Metabolism (AKA:
Biotransformation, Detoxification):
The break down of the drug to an
active form
o Primary site for drug metabolism
is the LIVER!
• Excretion: Once it is broken down,
the body will excrete the Drug
o Most of the drugs we take are excreted by the Kidneys
o Where the drug is administered, it can be excreted. Ex the Lungs
o Routs of Excretion of Drugs:
§ Kidneys
§ Lungs are the route inhalation & excretion of anastatic
drugs
§ Intestine
§ GI is used too to excrete drugs
§ Salvatory Glands
§ Sweat Glands will also excrete the drugs we take
§ Mammary Glands will excrete drugs too
Factors Affecting Drug Action:
• Developmental:
o Child dose will always be different than an adult’s dose
o Elderly dose may be adjusted due to GFR at a slower rate
§ Zyrtec is a 10mg pill, PT over 65 doses must be 5mg. their kidney cannot process the
drug
• Weight: Therapeutic affect = Dose is based on Healthy man 18-65 weighting 165lbs
o If they are heaver, they will need a larger dose
• Psychological: Patients expectations of the effects of a drug will affect the response of the medication
o Feeling of the medication will influence the effect of the medication
o Placebo: Pharmacological inactive substance
§ Can be given because they are expecting an outcome from the drug
Page 2 of 10
Iatrogenic Disease: Caused by the drug that is given to PT
• Ex. When a patient is given a Broad Antibiotic, it will kill ALL the Flora (Bacteria) in the body Including
the GOOD bacteria and patient can get Thrush, or C dif etc.
Drugs
• Nomenclature (Name):
o Chemical name: precise description of chem makeup
o Generic name: The name of the Drug that refers to the CHEMICAL MAKEUP of the Drug
o Official name: How it is listed in publications
o Trade Name: Listed by Manufacturer, the Trademarked Name of a Drug
• Preparation: Pill, Capsule, Tablet, IV, Injection, or Transdermal etc.
• Therapeutic Effect: How the drug works on the body
o Ex. Insulin will lower the blood sugar
• Pharmacologic Effect: Effect drugs have on the Organs & Systems of the Body
• Classification: How the drug works on the body
o Therapeutic Class: What condition the drug will Treat
§ According to the symptoms of the drug
o Ex. Antipyrexia (Anti Fever) Medication
§ According to clinical condition: What effect the drug will have on the body
o Ex. Antihypertensive, Anticonvulsive, Antidiabetic
o Pharmacologic Class: What effect the drug will have on the body
§ Ex. Active Factor X Inhibitor: Will prevent blood clots by blocking the activity of clotting factor X
Mechanics of drug action
• Pharmacodynamics: What the
body does with the medication
• Pharmacokinetics: What does
the patient body do to the drug
o Absorption: Process of which the drug is
absorbed from the entry site to the
§ Route of administration:
o PO: By mouth
o IM: Injection into Muscle
§ Given with 2.5” – 3” Needle at 90⁰
o IV: Most dangerous and fastest acting route
§ Cannot be reversed or stopped
§ Most dependable dosage
§ Drug solubility: How quickly the drug is absorbed
o Liquid will absorb quicker than a solid drug
Page 1 of 10
, NUR 1210 Medication Administration Basic Principles 1, Chapt. 31
o Capsules must deteriorate first and pass through the GI Tract to be absorbed
o Can be placed in oil or solid protein will
o Clear insulin is FAST ACTING, cloudy insulin has Solid protein in it and slows it
down
• Distribution: The drug will act on a
specific organ or spot in the body
o Drugs for the liver, will go the
liver and treat the issue
• Metabolism (AKA:
Biotransformation, Detoxification):
The break down of the drug to an
active form
o Primary site for drug metabolism
is the LIVER!
• Excretion: Once it is broken down,
the body will excrete the Drug
o Most of the drugs we take are excreted by the Kidneys
o Where the drug is administered, it can be excreted. Ex the Lungs
o Routs of Excretion of Drugs:
§ Kidneys
§ Lungs are the route inhalation & excretion of anastatic
drugs
§ Intestine
§ GI is used too to excrete drugs
§ Salvatory Glands
§ Sweat Glands will also excrete the drugs we take
§ Mammary Glands will excrete drugs too
Factors Affecting Drug Action:
• Developmental:
o Child dose will always be different than an adult’s dose
o Elderly dose may be adjusted due to GFR at a slower rate
§ Zyrtec is a 10mg pill, PT over 65 doses must be 5mg. their kidney cannot process the
drug
• Weight: Therapeutic affect = Dose is based on Healthy man 18-65 weighting 165lbs
o If they are heaver, they will need a larger dose
• Psychological: Patients expectations of the effects of a drug will affect the response of the medication
o Feeling of the medication will influence the effect of the medication
o Placebo: Pharmacological inactive substance
§ Can be given because they are expecting an outcome from the drug
Page 2 of 10
