2022
Handleiding volkenrecht
4E HERZIENE UITGAVE, KOEN DE FEYTER
JORNE SIMONS
,Jorne Simons
Inhoudsopgave volkenrecht
ICJ: The Gambia v. Myanmar..................................................................................................................5
International court of Justice ICJ (Den Haag)......................................................................................5
Artikel IX: genocideverdrag (verdragsclausule)..................................................................................5
Context..............................................................................................................................................5
Waarom is Gambia dit geschil aangegaan?........................................................................................5
Conclusie Hof: The Common Interest.................................................................................................6
Deel 1: Bronnen......................................................................................................................................6
Overzicht bronnen:............................................................................................................................6
Artikel 38(1) Statuut Internationaal Gerechtshof (D3)...................................................................6
Verdragenrecht..................................................................................................................................7
Gewoonterecht..................................................................................................................................7
ICJ: Nicaragua vs. USA (1986) (A4).................................................................................................8
ICTY: Tadic (1995) (A5)....................................................................................................................8
ICJ: North Sea Continental Shelf (1969) (A2)..................................................................................9
Ius Cogens......................................................................................................................................9
Algemene rechtsbeginselen.............................................................................................................10
ICJ: Gabcikovo-Nagymaros dam project (1997) (A7)....................................................................10
Soft Law............................................................................................................................................10
Universele Verklaring voor de Rechten van de Mens (D5)...........................................................11
Deel 2: Verdragenrecht........................................................................................................................11
Definitie van een verdrag.................................................................................................................11
Verdrag van Wenen Verdragenrecht (D6)...................................................................................11
Rana Plaza, Dhaka, april 2013.......................................................................................................12
EU/ILO/Bangladesh Sustainability Compact (D28).......................................................................13
Voorbehouden of reservations........................................................................................................14
Congo vs. Rwanda (A12)...............................................................................................................14
Interpretatie toepassing...................................................................................................................15
Stanley Fish’s Theorie...................................................................................................................15
IGH: Costa Rica v. Nicaragua (A17)...............................................................................................15
IACHR: Awas Tingni (A10).............................................................................................................16
Verschoningsgronden.......................................................................................................................17
IGH: Gabcikovo-Nagymaros (D6, A7)............................................................................................17
Deel 3: Rechtspersoonlijkheid..............................................................................................................18
Definitie internationale rechtspersoonlijkheid................................................................................18
1
,Jorne Simons
De staat als internationale rechtspersoon.......................................................................................19
Artikel 1 verdrag van Monteviedo (D1)........................................................................................19
WHO: World Health Organization (A6).........................................................................................20
Aansprakelijkheid van internationale organisaties...........................................................................21
UNMIK Human Rights Advisory Panel Kosovo (D21).....................................................................22
EHRM: Behrami en Saramati (2007) (A14)....................................................................................23
Santa Elena National Park v. Costa Rica (A9)................................................................................24
ICSID: Foresti v. South Africa (2009) (A18)....................................................................................25
Reparations for Injuries Suffered (A1)..........................................................................................26
Deel 4: Zelfbeschikkingsrecht...............................................................................................................27
Afbakenen van Staatsgrenzen..........................................................................................................27
IGH: Burkina Faso v. Niger A26.....................................................................................................27
Gemeenschappelijk artikel 1, IVBPR en IVESCR............................................................................29
Eerste belangrijke ontwikkeling: inheemse volkeren...................................................................29
VN Verklaring Rechten van Inheemse Volkeren...........................................................................29
Kevin Mgwanga Gunme et al. V. Kameroen (A12)........................................................................30
Onafhankelijkheid Kosovo D24, A21.............................................................................................31
Onafhankelijkheid Krim (D32).......................................................................................................33
Gemeenschappelijk erfgoed als uitsluiting van staatssoevereiniteit (D8).....................................33
Gemeenschappelijk Erfgoed van de Mensheid als gemeenschappelijk belang (D7).....................34
Deel 5: Rechtsmacht en immuniteit.....................................................................................................36
Rechtsmacht:....................................................................................................................................36
Immuniteiten:...................................................................................................................................37
IGH: Duitsland v. Italië: Villa Vigoni (Menaggio, Como Meer) (A23).............................................38
Regels omtrent staatsaansprakelijkheid (D19).............................................................................39
België vs. Senegal: De zaak Hissène Habré (staatshoofd) (A25)....................................................40
Immuniteit van het ambassadegebouw:......................................................................................41
IGH: Teheran Hostage Case (immuniteit diplomaten) (A3)...........................................................41
Deel 6: Geschillenbeslechting...............................................................................................................44
Internationaal Gerechtshof: IGH.......................................................................................................44
Stemprocedure IGH:.....................................................................................................................45
Thailand v. Cambodja: Preah Vihear (Voorlopige Maatregelen) (A22).........................................47
WTO Vaste beroepscommissie:........................................................................................................47
US Import Prohibition of certain Shrimps (A8).............................................................................48
Internationaal Strafhof (Statuut, 17 Juli 1998) (D16)........................................................................48
Internationaal Strafhof: Zaak Al Faqi Al Mahdi (A27)....................................................................50
2
, Jorne Simons
Deel 7: duurzame ontwikkeling-deel 1.................................................................................................52
UN GA Resolution 70/1 (21 October 2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development (D33).......................................................................................................52
Wereldhandelsorganisatie (D14)......................................................................................................53
Buenos Aires Declaration on Women and Trade outlines actions to empower women (D36).........56
WTO Besluitvorming: Article IX (1) WTO Agreement (D14)..............................................................56
Shrimps and Turtles A8.................................................................................................................56
Definitie van ontwikkelingslanden:...................................................................................................57
VN Verklaring Recht op Ontwikkeling: 4 December 1986 (D9).....................................................58
UN Human Rights Council resolution 39/9 (27 September 2018) (D9).........................................59
Article 22 African Charter Human and Peoples’ Rights:....................................................................60
Endorois v. Kenya (A19)................................................................................................................60
Deel 8: Duurzame ontwikkeling- deel 2................................................................................................62
Verklaring van Rio 14 juni 1992 (D12)..............................................................................................62
Beginsel 1: De mens staat centraal...............................................................................................62
Beginsel 2: Dit is het principe van staatsaansprakelijkheid...........................................................62
Beginsel 7: gedeelde maar gedifferentieerde verantwoordelijkheid............................................63
Beginsel 15: voorzorgsbeginsel.....................................................................................................63
Beginsel 17: milieu rapportage.....................................................................................................63
Gabcikovo-Nagymaros dam project (A7)..........................................................................................63
IGH: Pulp Mills arrest (Argentina v. Uruguay) (A20).........................................................................64
RAAMVERDRAG VAN DE VERENIGDE NATIES INZAKE KLIMAATVERANDERING (1992) (D11)...........66
Het Kyotoprotocol........................................................................................................................68
Overeenkomst van Parijs (D35)....................................................................................................69
COP 27 Sharm-el-Sheikh (6-18 November 2022)..........................................................................69
Deel 9: Vrede en veiligheid...................................................................................................................70
Onderscheid tussen verschillende soorten rechten:........................................................................70
Het geweldverbod (Handvest van de VN, artikel 2, par.3-4).............................................................70
2 uitzonderingen op het geweldverbod:.......................................................................................70
Buiten het Handvest?...................................................................................................................70
Art. 51, VN Handvest over Recht op Zelfverdediging:.......................................................................72
Nicaragua arrest (A4)....................................................................................................................72
9/11:.............................................................................................................................................74
Knelpunt: is een ruimere interpretatie van art. 51 wenselijk?..........................................................74
Preventieve zelfverdediging ter voorkoming van een onmiddellijk dreigende aanval?................74
Congo v. Uganda: Partijen in het conflict (A11)............................................................................74
3
Handleiding volkenrecht
4E HERZIENE UITGAVE, KOEN DE FEYTER
JORNE SIMONS
,Jorne Simons
Inhoudsopgave volkenrecht
ICJ: The Gambia v. Myanmar..................................................................................................................5
International court of Justice ICJ (Den Haag)......................................................................................5
Artikel IX: genocideverdrag (verdragsclausule)..................................................................................5
Context..............................................................................................................................................5
Waarom is Gambia dit geschil aangegaan?........................................................................................5
Conclusie Hof: The Common Interest.................................................................................................6
Deel 1: Bronnen......................................................................................................................................6
Overzicht bronnen:............................................................................................................................6
Artikel 38(1) Statuut Internationaal Gerechtshof (D3)...................................................................6
Verdragenrecht..................................................................................................................................7
Gewoonterecht..................................................................................................................................7
ICJ: Nicaragua vs. USA (1986) (A4).................................................................................................8
ICTY: Tadic (1995) (A5)....................................................................................................................8
ICJ: North Sea Continental Shelf (1969) (A2)..................................................................................9
Ius Cogens......................................................................................................................................9
Algemene rechtsbeginselen.............................................................................................................10
ICJ: Gabcikovo-Nagymaros dam project (1997) (A7)....................................................................10
Soft Law............................................................................................................................................10
Universele Verklaring voor de Rechten van de Mens (D5)...........................................................11
Deel 2: Verdragenrecht........................................................................................................................11
Definitie van een verdrag.................................................................................................................11
Verdrag van Wenen Verdragenrecht (D6)...................................................................................11
Rana Plaza, Dhaka, april 2013.......................................................................................................12
EU/ILO/Bangladesh Sustainability Compact (D28).......................................................................13
Voorbehouden of reservations........................................................................................................14
Congo vs. Rwanda (A12)...............................................................................................................14
Interpretatie toepassing...................................................................................................................15
Stanley Fish’s Theorie...................................................................................................................15
IGH: Costa Rica v. Nicaragua (A17)...............................................................................................15
IACHR: Awas Tingni (A10).............................................................................................................16
Verschoningsgronden.......................................................................................................................17
IGH: Gabcikovo-Nagymaros (D6, A7)............................................................................................17
Deel 3: Rechtspersoonlijkheid..............................................................................................................18
Definitie internationale rechtspersoonlijkheid................................................................................18
1
,Jorne Simons
De staat als internationale rechtspersoon.......................................................................................19
Artikel 1 verdrag van Monteviedo (D1)........................................................................................19
WHO: World Health Organization (A6).........................................................................................20
Aansprakelijkheid van internationale organisaties...........................................................................21
UNMIK Human Rights Advisory Panel Kosovo (D21).....................................................................22
EHRM: Behrami en Saramati (2007) (A14)....................................................................................23
Santa Elena National Park v. Costa Rica (A9)................................................................................24
ICSID: Foresti v. South Africa (2009) (A18)....................................................................................25
Reparations for Injuries Suffered (A1)..........................................................................................26
Deel 4: Zelfbeschikkingsrecht...............................................................................................................27
Afbakenen van Staatsgrenzen..........................................................................................................27
IGH: Burkina Faso v. Niger A26.....................................................................................................27
Gemeenschappelijk artikel 1, IVBPR en IVESCR............................................................................29
Eerste belangrijke ontwikkeling: inheemse volkeren...................................................................29
VN Verklaring Rechten van Inheemse Volkeren...........................................................................29
Kevin Mgwanga Gunme et al. V. Kameroen (A12)........................................................................30
Onafhankelijkheid Kosovo D24, A21.............................................................................................31
Onafhankelijkheid Krim (D32).......................................................................................................33
Gemeenschappelijk erfgoed als uitsluiting van staatssoevereiniteit (D8).....................................33
Gemeenschappelijk Erfgoed van de Mensheid als gemeenschappelijk belang (D7).....................34
Deel 5: Rechtsmacht en immuniteit.....................................................................................................36
Rechtsmacht:....................................................................................................................................36
Immuniteiten:...................................................................................................................................37
IGH: Duitsland v. Italië: Villa Vigoni (Menaggio, Como Meer) (A23).............................................38
Regels omtrent staatsaansprakelijkheid (D19).............................................................................39
België vs. Senegal: De zaak Hissène Habré (staatshoofd) (A25)....................................................40
Immuniteit van het ambassadegebouw:......................................................................................41
IGH: Teheran Hostage Case (immuniteit diplomaten) (A3)...........................................................41
Deel 6: Geschillenbeslechting...............................................................................................................44
Internationaal Gerechtshof: IGH.......................................................................................................44
Stemprocedure IGH:.....................................................................................................................45
Thailand v. Cambodja: Preah Vihear (Voorlopige Maatregelen) (A22).........................................47
WTO Vaste beroepscommissie:........................................................................................................47
US Import Prohibition of certain Shrimps (A8).............................................................................48
Internationaal Strafhof (Statuut, 17 Juli 1998) (D16)........................................................................48
Internationaal Strafhof: Zaak Al Faqi Al Mahdi (A27)....................................................................50
2
, Jorne Simons
Deel 7: duurzame ontwikkeling-deel 1.................................................................................................52
UN GA Resolution 70/1 (21 October 2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development (D33).......................................................................................................52
Wereldhandelsorganisatie (D14)......................................................................................................53
Buenos Aires Declaration on Women and Trade outlines actions to empower women (D36).........56
WTO Besluitvorming: Article IX (1) WTO Agreement (D14)..............................................................56
Shrimps and Turtles A8.................................................................................................................56
Definitie van ontwikkelingslanden:...................................................................................................57
VN Verklaring Recht op Ontwikkeling: 4 December 1986 (D9).....................................................58
UN Human Rights Council resolution 39/9 (27 September 2018) (D9).........................................59
Article 22 African Charter Human and Peoples’ Rights:....................................................................60
Endorois v. Kenya (A19)................................................................................................................60
Deel 8: Duurzame ontwikkeling- deel 2................................................................................................62
Verklaring van Rio 14 juni 1992 (D12)..............................................................................................62
Beginsel 1: De mens staat centraal...............................................................................................62
Beginsel 2: Dit is het principe van staatsaansprakelijkheid...........................................................62
Beginsel 7: gedeelde maar gedifferentieerde verantwoordelijkheid............................................63
Beginsel 15: voorzorgsbeginsel.....................................................................................................63
Beginsel 17: milieu rapportage.....................................................................................................63
Gabcikovo-Nagymaros dam project (A7)..........................................................................................63
IGH: Pulp Mills arrest (Argentina v. Uruguay) (A20).........................................................................64
RAAMVERDRAG VAN DE VERENIGDE NATIES INZAKE KLIMAATVERANDERING (1992) (D11)...........66
Het Kyotoprotocol........................................................................................................................68
Overeenkomst van Parijs (D35)....................................................................................................69
COP 27 Sharm-el-Sheikh (6-18 November 2022)..........................................................................69
Deel 9: Vrede en veiligheid...................................................................................................................70
Onderscheid tussen verschillende soorten rechten:........................................................................70
Het geweldverbod (Handvest van de VN, artikel 2, par.3-4).............................................................70
2 uitzonderingen op het geweldverbod:.......................................................................................70
Buiten het Handvest?...................................................................................................................70
Art. 51, VN Handvest over Recht op Zelfverdediging:.......................................................................72
Nicaragua arrest (A4)....................................................................................................................72
9/11:.............................................................................................................................................74
Knelpunt: is een ruimere interpretatie van art. 51 wenselijk?..........................................................74
Preventieve zelfverdediging ter voorkoming van een onmiddellijk dreigende aanval?................74
Congo v. Uganda: Partijen in het conflict (A11)............................................................................74
3
