PALS RED CROSS FINAL EXAM
A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is experiencing
respiratory distress. The child is breathing spontaneously and receiving supplemental
oxygen. Which additional intervention is a critical component of airway management for
this patient? - Answer- Airway clearance (e.g., suctioning)
A child being cared for in the pediatric telemetry unit suddenly displays the following
ECG waveform. The provider prepares to intervene because the child is demonstrating
which type of arrhythmia? - Answer- Supraventricular tachycardia
A child in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation but is exhibiting
signs of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). The PALS resuscitation team
determines that the child is experiencing a systemic response to ischemia/reperfusion.
The team bases this determination on which finding(s)? - Answer- Hypotension, fever,
hyperglycemia
An 11-year-old soccer player is brought to the emergency department. After a quick
assessment, the team realizes this patient is experiencing a severe asthma
exacerbation. Which medication would the team administer immediately? - Answer-
Albuterol with or without ipratropium bromide
After ROSC, a child is experiencing post-cardiac arrest hypoperfusion. The PALS
resuscitation team would administer which element to restore intravascular volume and
optimize preload? - Answer- Isotonic fluid boluses
A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac
arrest. When preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for
the team to take? - Answer- Estimate weight using a length-based resuscitation tape.
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment
reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per
minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? - Answer- Deliver 1 BVM
ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds.
The PALS team leader is conducting a debriefing session with the team. Which topic(s)
would the team leader most likely address during the session? - Answer- Discussion of
the pros and cons of the interventions
Evaluation of the objective data gathered during the event, Summary of the event,
including what actions were taken, Identification of ways to improve
The PALS resuscitation team notes the following ECG waveform and the child does not
have a pulse. The team prepares to intervene to address which arrhythmia? - Answer-
Torsades de pointes
, What is the correct IV/IO dose of epinephrine for a pediatric patient in cardiac arrest? -
Answer- 0.01 mg/kg every 3 to 5 min (max single dose 1 mg)
Assessment of a 3-month-old infant admitted with respiratory distress reveals fever,
grunting and a wet, "junky" cough. The infant's parents said the child had a recent
respiratory infection with a fever. A rapid respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test is
positive. Which condition would the provider most likely suspect as the cause? -
Answer- Bronchiolitis
A child is experiencing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with adequate perfusion and
is to receive treatment. Which initial treatment would the provider administer? - Answer-
Vagal maneuvers
A healthcare provider notices petechiae on the arms and legs while performing a rapid
skin assessment of a child with a high fever and respiratory distress. Based on this
assessment, which condition should the provider consider? - Answer- Life-threatening
systemic infection
A 7-year-old patient with septic shock has received three balanced/buffered crystalloid
fluid boluses (60-mL/kg) and reassessment reveals capillary refill of 3 seconds,
diminished pulses, narrow pulse pressure and cool, mottled extremities. The emergency
response team interprets these findings as indicating which type of septic shock? -
Answer- Fluid-refractory
A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which medication(s)
would the provider administer? - Answer- Nebulized epinephrine, Corticosteroids
A child exhibiting a narrow-complex tachycardia with adequate perfusion is to receive
adenosine. The provider would be alert for which result after administering this
medication? - Answer- Transient asystole
A child experiencing bradycardia with inadequate perfusion despite supporting
oxygenation and ventilation is receiving compressions. Despite these efforts, the child's
status remains unchanged. Which medication would the emergency response team
expect to administer next? - Answer- Epinephrine
A child in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG waveform. The
child has no pulse. The resuscitation team interprets this as which arrhythmia? -
Answer- Monomorphic pulseless ventricular tachycardia
A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being diagnosed
with Lyme disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown below. The
provider interprets this rhythm as indicating which arrhythmia? - Answer- First-degree
atrioventricular (AV) block
A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is experiencing
respiratory distress. The child is breathing spontaneously and receiving supplemental
oxygen. Which additional intervention is a critical component of airway management for
this patient? - Answer- Airway clearance (e.g., suctioning)
A child being cared for in the pediatric telemetry unit suddenly displays the following
ECG waveform. The provider prepares to intervene because the child is demonstrating
which type of arrhythmia? - Answer- Supraventricular tachycardia
A child in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation but is exhibiting
signs of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). The PALS resuscitation team
determines that the child is experiencing a systemic response to ischemia/reperfusion.
The team bases this determination on which finding(s)? - Answer- Hypotension, fever,
hyperglycemia
An 11-year-old soccer player is brought to the emergency department. After a quick
assessment, the team realizes this patient is experiencing a severe asthma
exacerbation. Which medication would the team administer immediately? - Answer-
Albuterol with or without ipratropium bromide
After ROSC, a child is experiencing post-cardiac arrest hypoperfusion. The PALS
resuscitation team would administer which element to restore intravascular volume and
optimize preload? - Answer- Isotonic fluid boluses
A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac
arrest. When preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for
the team to take? - Answer- Estimate weight using a length-based resuscitation tape.
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment
reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per
minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? - Answer- Deliver 1 BVM
ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds.
The PALS team leader is conducting a debriefing session with the team. Which topic(s)
would the team leader most likely address during the session? - Answer- Discussion of
the pros and cons of the interventions
Evaluation of the objective data gathered during the event, Summary of the event,
including what actions were taken, Identification of ways to improve
The PALS resuscitation team notes the following ECG waveform and the child does not
have a pulse. The team prepares to intervene to address which arrhythmia? - Answer-
Torsades de pointes
, What is the correct IV/IO dose of epinephrine for a pediatric patient in cardiac arrest? -
Answer- 0.01 mg/kg every 3 to 5 min (max single dose 1 mg)
Assessment of a 3-month-old infant admitted with respiratory distress reveals fever,
grunting and a wet, "junky" cough. The infant's parents said the child had a recent
respiratory infection with a fever. A rapid respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test is
positive. Which condition would the provider most likely suspect as the cause? -
Answer- Bronchiolitis
A child is experiencing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with adequate perfusion and
is to receive treatment. Which initial treatment would the provider administer? - Answer-
Vagal maneuvers
A healthcare provider notices petechiae on the arms and legs while performing a rapid
skin assessment of a child with a high fever and respiratory distress. Based on this
assessment, which condition should the provider consider? - Answer- Life-threatening
systemic infection
A 7-year-old patient with septic shock has received three balanced/buffered crystalloid
fluid boluses (60-mL/kg) and reassessment reveals capillary refill of 3 seconds,
diminished pulses, narrow pulse pressure and cool, mottled extremities. The emergency
response team interprets these findings as indicating which type of septic shock? -
Answer- Fluid-refractory
A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which medication(s)
would the provider administer? - Answer- Nebulized epinephrine, Corticosteroids
A child exhibiting a narrow-complex tachycardia with adequate perfusion is to receive
adenosine. The provider would be alert for which result after administering this
medication? - Answer- Transient asystole
A child experiencing bradycardia with inadequate perfusion despite supporting
oxygenation and ventilation is receiving compressions. Despite these efforts, the child's
status remains unchanged. Which medication would the emergency response team
expect to administer next? - Answer- Epinephrine
A child in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG waveform. The
child has no pulse. The resuscitation team interprets this as which arrhythmia? -
Answer- Monomorphic pulseless ventricular tachycardia
A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being diagnosed
with Lyme disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown below. The
provider interprets this rhythm as indicating which arrhythmia? - Answer- First-degree
atrioventricular (AV) block
