Epidemiology Final final flashcards for 2023| 204 questions| with complete solutions

Core functions of public health correct answer: Assessment, Policy Development, Assurance Primary Prevention correct answer: Strategies, tactics, and procedures that prevent the of the occurrence of disease in the first place (normal) Secondary Prevention correct answer: Strategies, tactics, and procedures, including screening tests, that detect disease as early as possible so that its progress can be arrested and, if possible, the disease eradicated (preclinical) Tertiary Prevention correct answer: Strategies, tactics, and procedures, including interventions, that aim to arrest the progress of established disease (clinical) Epidemiology correct answer: The study of f the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems Numerators correct answer: "Cases" of disease and death within population (surveillance, surveys, hospital records) Denominators correct answer: population at risk over time (census, samples of populations, surveys) Proportion correct answer: Division of two related numbers; numerator is subset of denominator Incidence correct answer: The number of new cases of a disease that occur during a specified period of time in a population at risk for developing the disease; a measure of riks;(Number of NEW cases of a disease occurring in the population during a specified period of time)/ (Number of persons who are AT RISK of developing the disease during that same period of time) Prevalence correct answer: The proportion (%) of the population affected by the disease at a given time; not a measure of risk; (Number of existing cases of disease present in the population at a specified time)/(Number of persons in the population at that specified time) x 100 Prevalence correct answer: Incidence*Duration Increases to Prevalence correct answer: Longer duration of the disease; Prolongation of life of patient without cure; Increase in new cases; In migration of cases; Out migration of healthy people; Improvements in diagnosis (or better reporting) Decreases to Prevalence correct answer: Shorter duration of disease; High case fatality rate from disease; Decrease in new cases; In migration of healthy people; Out migration of cases; Improved cure rate of cases Dynamic Populations correct answer: membership is based on a condition and is transitory Annual All Causes Mortality Rate (per 1000) correct answer: (Total # of deaths from all causes in 1 year)/(# of persons in the population at mid year) x1000 Annual Cause Specific Mortality Rate (per 1000) correct answer: (# of deaths from disease A in 1 year)/(# of persons in the population at mid year)x1000 Cumulative Incidence Rate correct answer: (# of new cases of a disease occurring in the population @ specific time period)/(# of persons at risk for the disease at the beginning of the period) Persons at Risk correct answer: Not at risk include those who have the disease, who lack organ defining disease or who are immune to the disease