AORN Periop 101 Final Exam Graded A+
Indemnity Payment Ans- Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability Ans- A legal responsibility
Negligence Ans- An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
Nursing Malpractice Ans- A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes physical, financial,
emotional, psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's care
Respondeat Superior Ans- An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employee only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's employment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Tort Ans- A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law
What are the four elements of malpractice? Ans- • Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
Elements of Informed Consent Ans- • Must be obtained by the licensed professional who is performing
the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
,o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation Ans- Right task
Right circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel have an ethical and legal responsibility
to always maintain Ans- • Medical information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient Ans- •
Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines Ans- • Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before
surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
,Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia professional with Cricoid
Pressure Ans- • Cricoid pressure application is not released until the endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is
inflated, tube placement is confirmed, and anesthesia provider has given a verbal confirmation to the
nurse that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse should retrieve
additional airway equipment and supplies.
General anesthesia Ans- • A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of
skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
Regional anesthesia Ans- • An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss
of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) Ans- An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers
sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services as required.
Moderate sedation Ans- • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a
physician or by a nurse under physician supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate sedation.
Local anesthesia Ans- • The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the
body
• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia Ans- • Phase I: Induction
o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient anesthetized.
, • Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are discontinued or
reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Muscle relaxants: Ans- 1. neostigmine
2. edrophonium.
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Sugammadex: Ans- reversal agent for rocuronium, vecuronium, and
pancuronium
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam Ans- Flumazenil
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl: Ans- Naloxone
Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia Ans- • Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women
• Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Hypothermia Ans- • Hypothyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Burns
• Trauma
• Hypotension
• Congestive heart failure
• Cardiac vessel disease
Signs of Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) Ans- • ΜΗ is triggered by inhalation anesthetic gases and
succinylcholine
Indemnity Payment Ans- Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability Ans- A legal responsibility
Negligence Ans- An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
Nursing Malpractice Ans- A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes physical, financial,
emotional, psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's care
Respondeat Superior Ans- An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employee only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's employment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Tort Ans- A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law
What are the four elements of malpractice? Ans- • Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
Elements of Informed Consent Ans- • Must be obtained by the licensed professional who is performing
the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
,o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation Ans- Right task
Right circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel have an ethical and legal responsibility
to always maintain Ans- • Medical information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient Ans- •
Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines Ans- • Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before
surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
,Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia professional with Cricoid
Pressure Ans- • Cricoid pressure application is not released until the endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is
inflated, tube placement is confirmed, and anesthesia provider has given a verbal confirmation to the
nurse that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse should retrieve
additional airway equipment and supplies.
General anesthesia Ans- • A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of
skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
Regional anesthesia Ans- • An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss
of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) Ans- An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers
sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services as required.
Moderate sedation Ans- • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a
physician or by a nurse under physician supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate sedation.
Local anesthesia Ans- • The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the
body
• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia Ans- • Phase I: Induction
o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient anesthetized.
, • Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are discontinued or
reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Muscle relaxants: Ans- 1. neostigmine
2. edrophonium.
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Sugammadex: Ans- reversal agent for rocuronium, vecuronium, and
pancuronium
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam Ans- Flumazenil
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl: Ans- Naloxone
Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia Ans- • Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women
• Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Hypothermia Ans- • Hypothyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Burns
• Trauma
• Hypotension
• Congestive heart failure
• Cardiac vessel disease
Signs of Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) Ans- • ΜΗ is triggered by inhalation anesthetic gases and
succinylcholine
