PIPE MATERIALS
BUILDING UTILITIES 1
COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
PIPE CHARACTERISTICS
• Malleability • Weatherability
• Hardness • Abrasion Resistance
• Brittleness • Impact Resistance
• Ductility • Corrosion Resistance
• Elasticity • Acid/Chemical Resistance
• Thermal Conductivity
• Thermal Expansion • Heat Resistance
• Thermal Resistivity • Flor Resistance
• Fire Resistance • Pressure Resistance
• ElectricalConductance/Conductivity
• Tear Resistance
MALLEABILITY- The property of metal that permits ACID RESISTANCE- The degree of which a surface,
mechanical deformation by extrusion, forging rolling, such as porcelain, enamel, will resist attach by acids
etc. without fracturing.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY- The rate of transfer of
HARDNESS- The resistance of a material to heat by conduction
deformation by compression or indentation.
THERMAL EXPANSION- The change in length or
BRITTLENESS- The property of a material which volume which a material or body undergoes being
fractures under low stress without appreciable heated.
deformation.
THERMAL RESISTIVITY- An index of material
DUCTILITY- Property of a material described as resistance to the transmission of heat
capable of being stretched or deformed without
fracturing. FIRE RESISTANCE -The capacity of a material or
construction to withstand fire or give protection
ELASTICITY- Property of a material that enables it to from it.
deform in response to an applied force and recover
its original size and shape upon removal of force. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE/CONDUCTIVITY- Ability
of material to conduct electricity
WEATHERABILITY- Property of a material which
enables it to retain its appearance and integrity TEAR RESISTANCE - The property of a material that
when exposed to the effects of the sun, wind allows it to resist being torn apart or for it to be
moisture. divided into pieces
ABRASION RESISTANCE -Property of a material that HEAT RESISTANCE -The ability of a piping material to
enables it to resist being worn away by friction when withstand the effect of heat without causing
rubbed with another object. deformation
IMPACT RESISTANCE -The resistance of a surface or FLOW RESISTANCE - A characteristic of a material
materials to shock, such as hard blow. that causes resistance of liquid to flow
CORROSION RESISTANCE -The property of a piping PRESSURE RESISTANCE PIPE - The resistance of a
material that enables it to wear away by rusting or material to rupture caused by overpressure of air or
by the action of chemicals. liquid inside the pipe.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE 1
, PIPE MATERIALS
BUILDING UTILITIES 1
PIPE MATERIALS Usually lined with cement or coal tar enamel Coated
externally with a variety of materials to reduce
METAL PIPES corrosion by soils.
• Cast Iron Pipe
• Acid Resistance Cast Iron Pipe Two types of pipe ends: B&S –
• Galvanized Steel Pipe ● Bell (Hub) and;
• Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe ● Spigot 3 – 15 inches (75-400mm)
• Ductile Iron Pipe
• Copper Tub ( Type K, Type L, Type M ) Can be joined by caulking Hubless 1 ½ - 10 inches
• Brass Pipe (38-250mm)
• Lead Pipe
• Stainless Steel Pipe Can be joined through compression coupling
Well suited for use in drainage and vent system
PLASTIC, SYNTHETIC PIPES
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Advantage: withstand external pressure good fire
• Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (cPVC) resistance low flow resistance good corrosion
• Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC) resistance
• Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
• Rubber Modified Styrene (SR) Disadvantage: limited to 25 stories height vibration
• Polypropylene Random Copolymer (PPRC) affects caulked joints brittle low corrosion in
• High Density Polyethylene Pipe (HDPE aggressive solid heavy weight high initial cost
• Polypropylene (PP)
• Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Kem-Temp Manufactured in lengths of five (5) feet.
• Polyacetal (ACETAL)
• Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Two forms for B&S:
• Flexible types ● Single hub
• Polyethylene (PE) ● Double hub
• Polybutylene (PB)
ACID RESISTANT (AR) CAST IRON PIPE
OTHER TYPES Gray cast iron alloy contains between 14.5 and 15%
• Vitrified Clay Pipe silicon and small amounts of manganese, sulfur and
• Asbestos Cement Pipe carbon.
• Concrete Pipe
• Block Tin Used for drainage of corrosive liquids and in exposed
• Aluminum Pipe or underground applications where it may be subject
• Magnesium Pipe to physical damage.
• Glass Pipe
GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE
Made of mild steel that is drawn through a die and
METAL PIPES welded. Galvanized by dipping in a bath of zinc Wall
thicknesses ranges from Schedule 10 (lightest) to
CAST IRON PIPE Schedule 80 (heaviest)
Pipe fabricated from an alloy containing carbon and
silicon. Can be threaded (for screwed fittings), plain or
beveled ends (for welding).
Three classifications:
● Service (Standard) weight Used in Vent Systems, gravity drainage systems
● Extra Heavy Weight where human waste is not discharged, for indirect
● Hubless waste lines and for water supply systems.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE 2
BUILDING UTILITIES 1
COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
PIPE CHARACTERISTICS
• Malleability • Weatherability
• Hardness • Abrasion Resistance
• Brittleness • Impact Resistance
• Ductility • Corrosion Resistance
• Elasticity • Acid/Chemical Resistance
• Thermal Conductivity
• Thermal Expansion • Heat Resistance
• Thermal Resistivity • Flor Resistance
• Fire Resistance • Pressure Resistance
• ElectricalConductance/Conductivity
• Tear Resistance
MALLEABILITY- The property of metal that permits ACID RESISTANCE- The degree of which a surface,
mechanical deformation by extrusion, forging rolling, such as porcelain, enamel, will resist attach by acids
etc. without fracturing.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY- The rate of transfer of
HARDNESS- The resistance of a material to heat by conduction
deformation by compression or indentation.
THERMAL EXPANSION- The change in length or
BRITTLENESS- The property of a material which volume which a material or body undergoes being
fractures under low stress without appreciable heated.
deformation.
THERMAL RESISTIVITY- An index of material
DUCTILITY- Property of a material described as resistance to the transmission of heat
capable of being stretched or deformed without
fracturing. FIRE RESISTANCE -The capacity of a material or
construction to withstand fire or give protection
ELASTICITY- Property of a material that enables it to from it.
deform in response to an applied force and recover
its original size and shape upon removal of force. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE/CONDUCTIVITY- Ability
of material to conduct electricity
WEATHERABILITY- Property of a material which
enables it to retain its appearance and integrity TEAR RESISTANCE - The property of a material that
when exposed to the effects of the sun, wind allows it to resist being torn apart or for it to be
moisture. divided into pieces
ABRASION RESISTANCE -Property of a material that HEAT RESISTANCE -The ability of a piping material to
enables it to resist being worn away by friction when withstand the effect of heat without causing
rubbed with another object. deformation
IMPACT RESISTANCE -The resistance of a surface or FLOW RESISTANCE - A characteristic of a material
materials to shock, such as hard blow. that causes resistance of liquid to flow
CORROSION RESISTANCE -The property of a piping PRESSURE RESISTANCE PIPE - The resistance of a
material that enables it to wear away by rusting or material to rupture caused by overpressure of air or
by the action of chemicals. liquid inside the pipe.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE 1
, PIPE MATERIALS
BUILDING UTILITIES 1
PIPE MATERIALS Usually lined with cement or coal tar enamel Coated
externally with a variety of materials to reduce
METAL PIPES corrosion by soils.
• Cast Iron Pipe
• Acid Resistance Cast Iron Pipe Two types of pipe ends: B&S –
• Galvanized Steel Pipe ● Bell (Hub) and;
• Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe ● Spigot 3 – 15 inches (75-400mm)
• Ductile Iron Pipe
• Copper Tub ( Type K, Type L, Type M ) Can be joined by caulking Hubless 1 ½ - 10 inches
• Brass Pipe (38-250mm)
• Lead Pipe
• Stainless Steel Pipe Can be joined through compression coupling
Well suited for use in drainage and vent system
PLASTIC, SYNTHETIC PIPES
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Advantage: withstand external pressure good fire
• Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (cPVC) resistance low flow resistance good corrosion
• Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC) resistance
• Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
• Rubber Modified Styrene (SR) Disadvantage: limited to 25 stories height vibration
• Polypropylene Random Copolymer (PPRC) affects caulked joints brittle low corrosion in
• High Density Polyethylene Pipe (HDPE aggressive solid heavy weight high initial cost
• Polypropylene (PP)
• Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Kem-Temp Manufactured in lengths of five (5) feet.
• Polyacetal (ACETAL)
• Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Two forms for B&S:
• Flexible types ● Single hub
• Polyethylene (PE) ● Double hub
• Polybutylene (PB)
ACID RESISTANT (AR) CAST IRON PIPE
OTHER TYPES Gray cast iron alloy contains between 14.5 and 15%
• Vitrified Clay Pipe silicon and small amounts of manganese, sulfur and
• Asbestos Cement Pipe carbon.
• Concrete Pipe
• Block Tin Used for drainage of corrosive liquids and in exposed
• Aluminum Pipe or underground applications where it may be subject
• Magnesium Pipe to physical damage.
• Glass Pipe
GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE
Made of mild steel that is drawn through a die and
METAL PIPES welded. Galvanized by dipping in a bath of zinc Wall
thicknesses ranges from Schedule 10 (lightest) to
CAST IRON PIPE Schedule 80 (heaviest)
Pipe fabricated from an alloy containing carbon and
silicon. Can be threaded (for screwed fittings), plain or
beveled ends (for welding).
Three classifications:
● Service (Standard) weight Used in Vent Systems, gravity drainage systems
● Extra Heavy Weight where human waste is not discharged, for indirect
● Hubless waste lines and for water supply systems.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE 2
