o@⑦ .
.
- -
.
"
@B⑧
_
←②••
&⑧
Unit
-
•
r•
1
Revision
, µ A $ A
µ
µ µ ,
deflected
less
. , so
☆
•
§
deflected
more as its Mle ↓
•
Class Cl
37
3 I
•
Fragmentation : Cczt → CC 1- Cct
↑ [ deflected
Valium
pump
on
Clsst don't
•
class -
E- ✗ =
% So
they affect mass
spectrum
•
¢137 -
Clsst ) ✗ 2 ¥ ¥+2✗ =
%
•
Clsz -
Clzyt E. ✗ ±,
=
1-6
Molecular ion pear [M ]+ ( largest peak ) Ute Mt
-
• → -1 > e-
Mass
•
spectrometers used :
→ Find RMM and look at fragments to identify compounds
→ look and
for drugs poisons
→
Space research in other planets → pharmaceutical industry identifying
radioactive
decay /carbon
compounds synthesizing and drug manufacture
→
dating
→
products of petroleum separation
, orbital around Heaton there 95% of
→ is a
region where is a
probability of
finding an electron within it
Cr 24
① §
• •
15225463523,6451345
p orbital
-
Cu 25
5- orbital " "
dumbbell shape 152252 2p63s23pᵗ 4s 3d
sphere shape
• CÑ? 1522522ps 353ps 4523%4
4s '
3ds
half filled Snbstells are more stable
15252286352%64523%9
24
•
Cu :
'
4s 3d '°
fully filled 3d subshell is more stable
If, 1 e- from 1 with Charge
is to mole of mote of
gaseous atoms / ions
•
energy
remove . _ . .
with
to
produce 1 mole of gaseous ions . . . .
Charge
e.g Meg ,
>
Mtcg> 1- e-
aucross period
First ionisation has
general increase
•
energy
a as :
→ Nuclear charge increases
5
shielding the same
→ 8
remains →
2
→ smaller atomic radius 4 6
'
3
energy needed
i. More
exception at
group
3 exception group 6
→ e- in higher p Subshell → Electrons in p subshell ,
2 in same orbital
→ more
shielding →
repulsion be -1 - een them
greater repulsion / attraction
→ weaker → Weaker Gt traction
less needed to e-
'
remove
energy
- .
based number down
→
periodicity is a trend of
repeating properties on
increasing atomic the
group
the
and across
period
Down the group :
→
despite P nuclear
charge
→ shells shielding
'
more . - more
→
greater distance from nucleus ( larger atomic radius )
→ Necker attraction -
'
.
↓ IE
.
- -
.
"
@B⑧
_
←②••
&⑧
Unit
-
•
r•
1
Revision
, µ A $ A
µ
µ µ ,
deflected
less
. , so
☆
•
§
deflected
more as its Mle ↓
•
Class Cl
37
3 I
•
Fragmentation : Cczt → CC 1- Cct
↑ [ deflected
Valium
pump
on
Clsst don't
•
class -
E- ✗ =
% So
they affect mass
spectrum
•
¢137 -
Clsst ) ✗ 2 ¥ ¥+2✗ =
%
•
Clsz -
Clzyt E. ✗ ±,
=
1-6
Molecular ion pear [M ]+ ( largest peak ) Ute Mt
-
• → -1 > e-
Mass
•
spectrometers used :
→ Find RMM and look at fragments to identify compounds
→ look and
for drugs poisons
→
Space research in other planets → pharmaceutical industry identifying
radioactive
decay /carbon
compounds synthesizing and drug manufacture
→
dating
→
products of petroleum separation
, orbital around Heaton there 95% of
→ is a
region where is a
probability of
finding an electron within it
Cr 24
① §
• •
15225463523,6451345
p orbital
-
Cu 25
5- orbital " "
dumbbell shape 152252 2p63s23pᵗ 4s 3d
sphere shape
• CÑ? 1522522ps 353ps 4523%4
4s '
3ds
half filled Snbstells are more stable
15252286352%64523%9
24
•
Cu :
'
4s 3d '°
fully filled 3d subshell is more stable
If, 1 e- from 1 with Charge
is to mole of mote of
gaseous atoms / ions
•
energy
remove . _ . .
with
to
produce 1 mole of gaseous ions . . . .
Charge
e.g Meg ,
>
Mtcg> 1- e-
aucross period
First ionisation has
general increase
•
energy
a as :
→ Nuclear charge increases
5
shielding the same
→ 8
remains →
2
→ smaller atomic radius 4 6
'
3
energy needed
i. More
exception at
group
3 exception group 6
→ e- in higher p Subshell → Electrons in p subshell ,
2 in same orbital
→ more
shielding →
repulsion be -1 - een them
greater repulsion / attraction
→ weaker → Weaker Gt traction
less needed to e-
'
remove
energy
- .
based number down
→
periodicity is a trend of
repeating properties on
increasing atomic the
group
the
and across
period
Down the group :
→
despite P nuclear
charge
→ shells shielding
'
more . - more
→
greater distance from nucleus ( larger atomic radius )
→ Necker attraction -
'
.
↓ IE
