CCMA Certification study guide Latest Updates

CCMA Certification study guide Chief complaint CC - The reason a patient called for help. Also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?" History of present illness HPI - Explains the chief complaint. A chronological description of the development of the patient's present illness from the first sign or symptom or from the previous encounter to the present. Vital Signs - Temperature, pulse, respiration, and Blood pressure are all ___________ ___________. Normal oral temperature - 97.6F - 99.6F intermittent fever - Fever that alternates between elevated and normal or subnormal body temperatures. Remittent fever - fever in which temperature fluctuates greatly but never falls to the normal level. Continuous fever - A fever that remains constant above the baseline, does not fluctuate. 60-100 BPM - Normal pulse rate Respirations - Rate, rhythm, and depth are taken into account when measuring what? Systole - contraction of the heart Diastole - relaxation of the heart Anthropometric measurements - Measurement of height, (length rather than height is used in infants because they cannot stand.), weight, BMI, head circumference in infants, waist to hip, % of body fat. Inspection - General appearance, state of nutrition, body habits, symmetry, pasture and gait, speech. palpation - to examine by touch Percussion - physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest. Ausculation - the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment. OSHA - a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment cardiopulmonary resuscitation - an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression SHOCK - This is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and in turn to the rest of the body. Symptoms of shock - Pale, cold, clammy skin rapid, weak pulse increased shallow breathing expressionless face or staring eyes are all ____________ ___ _________. First aid for Shock - maintain open airway for the victim, call for assistance, keep victim lying down w/ head lower than rest of body; attempt to control bleeding or other cause of shock if known; keep victim warm until help arrives Portal of exit - Method in which a infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Ex: contact with body fluids such as blood or saliva. mode of transmission - contact, droplet, air, vehicles, or vectorborne Portal of entry - A pathway by which the causative agent enters the host. The area in which a microorganism enters the body. They may be cuts, lesions, injection sites, or natural body orifices. Susceptible host - An individual who has little resistance to an infectious agent. Disinfection - Process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores, can only be used on inanimate objects. Will not be used for invasive procedures, and will not be inserted into body orifices nor be used in sterile procedure. Chemical sterilization - Uses the same chemical used for disinfection, but exposure time is longer. Steam sterilization (Autoclave) - uses steam under pressure to obtain higher temperature (250-254F) with exposure time of 20-40 minutes depending on item being sterilized. hand washing - What is the most important means of preventing the spread of infection? hand antisepsis - the removal & destruction of transient microorganisms using antimicrobial soaps. PPE Personal protective equipment - mask, goggle, face shield, respirator