MB (ASCP) Exam questions and answers latest 2023 (Over
300 Questions And Answers)
Predominant form of DNA
Right-handed B
DNA and histone interaction is due to what type of bond?
Ionic
What stains to the minor groove of DNA duplex?
SYBR Green
What is the most abundant type of RNA?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What does RNA act as in a retrovirus?
Genome and mRNA
What increases half-life of mRNA?
5' Methyl Cap
What kind of DNA is most likely to be transcriptionally active?
Euchromatin
What is the most common type of eukaryotic DNA?
Satellite DNA
What specimen has the most DNA according to molecular weight?
White Blood Cells
What amino acids compose histones?
Lysine and Arginine
Amino acid that all proteins start with:
Methionine
What protects the DNA strand during replication?
Single-stranded binding protein
Leading Strand
3' to 5' template
Lagging Strand
5' to 3' template
What DNA strand is being copied in transcription?
Antisense Strand
First step after newly formed mRNA is made?
Addition of poly(A) tail
Every time the chromosome is copied it would become shorter if not for what
enzyme?
Telomerase
What polymerase has repair activity?
Beta/Epsilon
What polymerase acts on leading strand?
Delta
What polymerase acts on lagging strand?
Alpha
Which polymerase is used for mitochondrial replication and repair?
,Gamma
What polymerase binds the 5' end to 3' end of dsDNA?
Topoisomerase
Which RNA polymerase is mainly for transcription?
RNA Pol II
Which polymerase is involved with mRNA synthesis?
RNA Pol II
What inactivates RNAses?
Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) or bake glassware for 4 to 6 hours at 400C
What type of restriction enzyme recognizes palindromic sites?
Restriction Enzyme Type II
What type of restriction enzyme lacks methylation activity?
Restriction Enzyme Type II
What is necessary to make cDNA?
Reverse transcriptase
Number of SNPs in a human genome?
11 billion (10^7)
How many genes (base pairs) are in a human haploid genome?
3 billion base pairs
The polymerization of acrylamide requires:
Catalyst (APS or TEMED) or Light activation
How does agarose gel pore size relate to concentration?
Inversely proportional
What is denatured during a southern blot?
Hydrogen bonds (inter-strand bonds)
Melting temperature formula
Tm = (4C x GC Pairs) + (2C x AT pairs)
Which is likely to interfere with fluorescent probe?
5' G
Proper GC content of primer
35-65%
Inhibitors of PCR
Hemoglobin, Heparin, Xylene, Phenol, Cyanol, and Bromophenol Blue
Order to add to a PCR reaction:
Master mix > patient sample > positive control > negative control
Pre Area
Positive Pressure
Post Area
Negative Pressure
Which PCR requires two steps for specificity?
Nested PCR
Which microorganism is detected by branched DNA amplification?
DNA or RNA
Which technique uses RNA, antibodies, and DNA?
Hybrid Capture Assay
Use of bisulfite treatment of DNA to determine its pattern of methylation
, Bisulfite DNA
What tests are isothermal?
NASBA, TMA, & SDA
Which leukemia is associated with FLT3 gene?
AML
T-cell gene rearrangement is seen in what malignancy?
Sezary Syndrome
Which translocation causes Acute Premyelocytic Leukemia?
t 15;17
Ewing Sarcoma
t 11;22
Synovial Sarcoma
t X;18
Follicular Lymphoma
t 14;18
What genes would be screened in a colorectal panel?
MSH2 & MLH1
What gene mutation causes a high risk of breast or ovarian cancer?
BRCA1 and BRCA2
What does MSI test for?
Mutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR)
What disease is related to factor V coagulation gene (F5 1q23)?
Thrombossis
How many copies are in a full Fragile X mutation?
200-2000+ CGG repeats
What disease is known for numerous mutations and large deletions?
Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne)
What HPV causes cervical cancer?
16 & 18
You receive a paraffin embedded specimen for HPV typing, which method should
you use?
PCR
Significant change in HIV viral load:
0.5 log10
Lowest viral concentration that can be detected over background or a negative
control in the test assay
Limit of Detection (LOD)
HCV consensus sequence:
G-rich Core Gene
What responds poorly to ribavarin/interferon treatment?
HCV Type 1B
What virus affects patients after kidney transplant?
CMV or BKV
What exons are tested for HLA Class I?
Exons 2 & 3
What exons are tested for HLA Class II?
300 Questions And Answers)
Predominant form of DNA
Right-handed B
DNA and histone interaction is due to what type of bond?
Ionic
What stains to the minor groove of DNA duplex?
SYBR Green
What is the most abundant type of RNA?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What does RNA act as in a retrovirus?
Genome and mRNA
What increases half-life of mRNA?
5' Methyl Cap
What kind of DNA is most likely to be transcriptionally active?
Euchromatin
What is the most common type of eukaryotic DNA?
Satellite DNA
What specimen has the most DNA according to molecular weight?
White Blood Cells
What amino acids compose histones?
Lysine and Arginine
Amino acid that all proteins start with:
Methionine
What protects the DNA strand during replication?
Single-stranded binding protein
Leading Strand
3' to 5' template
Lagging Strand
5' to 3' template
What DNA strand is being copied in transcription?
Antisense Strand
First step after newly formed mRNA is made?
Addition of poly(A) tail
Every time the chromosome is copied it would become shorter if not for what
enzyme?
Telomerase
What polymerase has repair activity?
Beta/Epsilon
What polymerase acts on leading strand?
Delta
What polymerase acts on lagging strand?
Alpha
Which polymerase is used for mitochondrial replication and repair?
,Gamma
What polymerase binds the 5' end to 3' end of dsDNA?
Topoisomerase
Which RNA polymerase is mainly for transcription?
RNA Pol II
Which polymerase is involved with mRNA synthesis?
RNA Pol II
What inactivates RNAses?
Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) or bake glassware for 4 to 6 hours at 400C
What type of restriction enzyme recognizes palindromic sites?
Restriction Enzyme Type II
What type of restriction enzyme lacks methylation activity?
Restriction Enzyme Type II
What is necessary to make cDNA?
Reverse transcriptase
Number of SNPs in a human genome?
11 billion (10^7)
How many genes (base pairs) are in a human haploid genome?
3 billion base pairs
The polymerization of acrylamide requires:
Catalyst (APS or TEMED) or Light activation
How does agarose gel pore size relate to concentration?
Inversely proportional
What is denatured during a southern blot?
Hydrogen bonds (inter-strand bonds)
Melting temperature formula
Tm = (4C x GC Pairs) + (2C x AT pairs)
Which is likely to interfere with fluorescent probe?
5' G
Proper GC content of primer
35-65%
Inhibitors of PCR
Hemoglobin, Heparin, Xylene, Phenol, Cyanol, and Bromophenol Blue
Order to add to a PCR reaction:
Master mix > patient sample > positive control > negative control
Pre Area
Positive Pressure
Post Area
Negative Pressure
Which PCR requires two steps for specificity?
Nested PCR
Which microorganism is detected by branched DNA amplification?
DNA or RNA
Which technique uses RNA, antibodies, and DNA?
Hybrid Capture Assay
Use of bisulfite treatment of DNA to determine its pattern of methylation
, Bisulfite DNA
What tests are isothermal?
NASBA, TMA, & SDA
Which leukemia is associated with FLT3 gene?
AML
T-cell gene rearrangement is seen in what malignancy?
Sezary Syndrome
Which translocation causes Acute Premyelocytic Leukemia?
t 15;17
Ewing Sarcoma
t 11;22
Synovial Sarcoma
t X;18
Follicular Lymphoma
t 14;18
What genes would be screened in a colorectal panel?
MSH2 & MLH1
What gene mutation causes a high risk of breast or ovarian cancer?
BRCA1 and BRCA2
What does MSI test for?
Mutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR)
What disease is related to factor V coagulation gene (F5 1q23)?
Thrombossis
How many copies are in a full Fragile X mutation?
200-2000+ CGG repeats
What disease is known for numerous mutations and large deletions?
Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne)
What HPV causes cervical cancer?
16 & 18
You receive a paraffin embedded specimen for HPV typing, which method should
you use?
PCR
Significant change in HIV viral load:
0.5 log10
Lowest viral concentration that can be detected over background or a negative
control in the test assay
Limit of Detection (LOD)
HCV consensus sequence:
G-rich Core Gene
What responds poorly to ribavarin/interferon treatment?
HCV Type 1B
What virus affects patients after kidney transplant?
CMV or BKV
What exons are tested for HLA Class I?
Exons 2 & 3
What exons are tested for HLA Class II?
