Literature
Economic analysis in health care
zie dia’s
G.B. Chapman. Short-term cost for long-term benefit: time preference and cancer control.
Tijdsvoorkeur; de waarde gegeven aan de uitkomsten van dit moment en de uitkomsten in de
toekomst. Tijdsvoorkeur heeft invloed op addictieve gedragingen (als roken), dan op andere
gedragingen (als vaccinatie, medicatie trouw en beweging). Hot, emotional, or impulsive behaviors
might reflect time preferences more so than cool, considered, or habitual behaviors. Als mensen in
een hete staat zijn, kunnen mensen niet goed voorspellen hoe ze in een koude staat zouden reageren
(voorkeuren en gedragingen).
“A tradeoff between short-term costs and long-term gains characterizes many cancer control behaviors, such as
behavior change (e.g., quitting smoking), screening (e.g., mammography), and prevention (e.g., healthy diet).
One factor that may influence these tradeoffs is time preference, or the value assigned to future outcomes
relative to immediate ones. Studies of the relationship between individual differences in time preference and
preventive health behaviors, however, have yielded mixed results. Time preference is related to addictive
behaviors (e.g., smoking) but not to other preventive health behaviors (e.g., vaccination). This pattern of results
suggests that time preference measures reflect an ability to forgo immediate gratification that is applicable to
hot behaviors, such as smoking, but not to cold behaviors, such as vaccination.”
G. Loewenstein. Hot-cold empathy caps and medical decision making.
“Prior research has shown that people mispredict their own behavior and preferences across affective states.
When people are in an affectively “cold” state, they fail to fully appreciate how “hot” states will affect their own
preferences and behavior. When in hot states, they underestimate the influence of those states and, as a result,
overestimate the stability of their current preferences. The same biases apply interpersonally; for example,
people who are not affectively aroused underappreciate the impact of hot states on other people’s behavior.
After reviewing research documenting such intrapersonal and interpersonal hot– cold empathy gaps, this article
examines their consequences for medical, and specifically cancer-related, decision making, showing, for
example, that hot– cold empathy gaps can lead healthy persons to expose themselves excessively to health risks
and can cause health care providers to undertreat patients for pain.”
Gastcollege
zie dia’s
Het ging over empathy gaps, prospective empathy gap, hot-cold state en dat verhaal van keuze
tussen van daag 10 euro of volgend jaar 20 dat bij 20 de discount rate kleiner dan 100% is -> mensen
zijn geduldig als ze dit kiezen en bij keuze van 10 euro is de discount rate >100% mensen zijn
ongeduldig.
If future preferences are the same as present preferences, one knows exactly what one will want in
the future; but this is not the case in reality.
Prospective empathy gap: Inability to correctly foresee one’s future preference (e.g., overshopping
while hungry)
Retrospective empathy gap: Inability to correctly remember one’s past preference (e.g., “morning
after” syndrome)
Interpersonal empathy gap: Inability to correctly know other people’s preference (e.g., medical
decision making)
Time preference is the preference for immediate consumption as compared with delayed
consumption; In other words, future outcomes are discounted (are worth less in the present); In
general, consumers give disproportionate weight to immediate outcomes.
Economic analysis in health care
zie dia’s
G.B. Chapman. Short-term cost for long-term benefit: time preference and cancer control.
Tijdsvoorkeur; de waarde gegeven aan de uitkomsten van dit moment en de uitkomsten in de
toekomst. Tijdsvoorkeur heeft invloed op addictieve gedragingen (als roken), dan op andere
gedragingen (als vaccinatie, medicatie trouw en beweging). Hot, emotional, or impulsive behaviors
might reflect time preferences more so than cool, considered, or habitual behaviors. Als mensen in
een hete staat zijn, kunnen mensen niet goed voorspellen hoe ze in een koude staat zouden reageren
(voorkeuren en gedragingen).
“A tradeoff between short-term costs and long-term gains characterizes many cancer control behaviors, such as
behavior change (e.g., quitting smoking), screening (e.g., mammography), and prevention (e.g., healthy diet).
One factor that may influence these tradeoffs is time preference, or the value assigned to future outcomes
relative to immediate ones. Studies of the relationship between individual differences in time preference and
preventive health behaviors, however, have yielded mixed results. Time preference is related to addictive
behaviors (e.g., smoking) but not to other preventive health behaviors (e.g., vaccination). This pattern of results
suggests that time preference measures reflect an ability to forgo immediate gratification that is applicable to
hot behaviors, such as smoking, but not to cold behaviors, such as vaccination.”
G. Loewenstein. Hot-cold empathy caps and medical decision making.
“Prior research has shown that people mispredict their own behavior and preferences across affective states.
When people are in an affectively “cold” state, they fail to fully appreciate how “hot” states will affect their own
preferences and behavior. When in hot states, they underestimate the influence of those states and, as a result,
overestimate the stability of their current preferences. The same biases apply interpersonally; for example,
people who are not affectively aroused underappreciate the impact of hot states on other people’s behavior.
After reviewing research documenting such intrapersonal and interpersonal hot– cold empathy gaps, this article
examines their consequences for medical, and specifically cancer-related, decision making, showing, for
example, that hot– cold empathy gaps can lead healthy persons to expose themselves excessively to health risks
and can cause health care providers to undertreat patients for pain.”
Gastcollege
zie dia’s
Het ging over empathy gaps, prospective empathy gap, hot-cold state en dat verhaal van keuze
tussen van daag 10 euro of volgend jaar 20 dat bij 20 de discount rate kleiner dan 100% is -> mensen
zijn geduldig als ze dit kiezen en bij keuze van 10 euro is de discount rate >100% mensen zijn
ongeduldig.
If future preferences are the same as present preferences, one knows exactly what one will want in
the future; but this is not the case in reality.
Prospective empathy gap: Inability to correctly foresee one’s future preference (e.g., overshopping
while hungry)
Retrospective empathy gap: Inability to correctly remember one’s past preference (e.g., “morning
after” syndrome)
Interpersonal empathy gap: Inability to correctly know other people’s preference (e.g., medical
decision making)
Time preference is the preference for immediate consumption as compared with delayed
consumption; In other words, future outcomes are discounted (are worth less in the present); In
general, consumers give disproportionate weight to immediate outcomes.
