NR 293/NR293 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions And Answers Rated A+ (2023/2024)

NR 293/NR293 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions And Answers Rated A+ (2023/2024) A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months complains of having a persistent dry cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs? ACE inhibitors (lisinipro) Others: Fatigue, dizziness, headache, mood changes, impaired taste, possible hyperkalemia, Angioedema (rare but potentially fatal)  Adverse effects of albuterol Hypotension, Vascular headache, Tremor, palpitations will feel racing heart, jittery, do not use with MAOI, wheezing Short acting helps acute asthma attack  Adverse effects of antithyroid medications *Cardiac Dysrhythmia* Others: tachycardia, palpitations, angina, hypertension, insomnia, tremors, headache, anxiety, nausea, diarrhea, menstrual irregularities, weight loss, sweating, heat intolerance, fever When reviewing the laboratory values of a patient who is taking antithyroid drugs, the nurse will monitor for which adverse effect? a. Decreased glucose levels b. Decreased white blood cell count c. Increased red blood cell count d. Increased platelet count ANS: B Antithyroid drugs may cause bone marrow suppression, resulting in agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and other problems. The other options are incorrect.  Adverse effects of antivirals Table 40.2 Kills all cells including healthy cells Numerous and vary with each drug. Drug therapy may need to be modified because of adverse effects. Goal is to find the regimen that will best control the infection with a tolerable adverse effect profile. Medication regimens change during the course of the illness. A pt. Is taking a combination of an antiviral drugs as treatments for early stages of a viral infection. While discussing the drug therapy, the pt. Asks the nurse if they drugs will kill the virus. When answering the nurse keeps in mind which face about antiviral drugs? D. They may also kill healthy cells while killing viruses. They reproduce in human cells, selective killing is difficult. 11.Antibiotic for treatment for CRE: (Chapter 39) A patient has been diagnosed with carbapenemase-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). The nurse expects to see orders for which drug? D. Colistimethate sodium (Coly-Mycin), a polypeptide antibiotic ANS: D Colistimethate (Coly-Mycin), commonly referred to as colistin, is now being used again, often as one of the only drugs available to treat CRE. The other options are incorrect. 12.Black box warnings are used for what? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning for users of antiepileptic drugs. Based on this report, the nurse will monitor for which potential problems with this class of drugs? a. Increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors In December 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required black box warnings on all antiepileptic drugs regarding the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Patients being treated with antiepileptic drugs for any indication need to be monitored for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, or any unusual changes in mood or behavior. The other options are incorrect. Black box on all Quinolones; due to the cause of tendonitis and tendon rupture. Ribavirin aerosol treatment is harmful to pregnancy, due to teratogenic effects. If pt. Is receiving treatment, the pregnant health care provider should leave the room. Black box warning long acting opioids 13.Bone marrow suppression and early s/s of infection The nurse is monitoring a patient who has severe bone marrow suppression following antineoplastic drug therapy. Which is considered a principal early sign of infection? a.Fever b.Diaphoresis c.Tachycardia d.Elevated white blood cell count ANS: A Fever and/or chills may be the first sign of an oncoming infection. Elevated white blood cell count will not occur because of the bone marrow suppression. Patient is getting a high dose of methotrexate, what would you anticipate giving along-side of this? Leucovorin Rescue- decreases bone marrow suppression. 14.Calculations of pediatric dosages of opioids When discussing dosage calculation for pediatric patients with a clinical pharmacist, the nurse notes that which type of dosage calculation is used most commonly in pediatric calculations? d. Milligram per kilogram of body weight formula ANS: D The milligram per kilogram formula, based on body weight, is the most common method of calculating doses for pediatric patients. The other options are available methods but are not the most commonly used. Height-to-weight ratio is not used. 15.Chemoreceptor trigger zone, vomiting center, and antiemetics Chemoreceptor (CTZ) -the area of the brain that is involved in the sensation of nausea and the action of vomiting. Vomiting center - the area of the brain that is involved in stimulating the physiologic events that lead to nausea and vomiting. Antiemetics – drugs given to relieve nausea and vomiting. Example ondansetron (Zofran) Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) antihistamine for nausea, Dronabinol (Marinol) stimulates appetite for AIDS pt. Medulla vomiting center, inner ear labyrinth, GI track trigger zones and cerebral cortex. 16.Classes of drugs that are CNS stimulants (Ch 13) (Chemical structural similarities, amphetamines, serotonin agonists, sympathomimetics, xanthines) The nurse is reviewing the use of central nervous system stimulants. Which of these are indications for this class of drugs? (Select all that apply.) a.Narcolepsy d. Neonatal apnea e. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) f. Appetite suppression ANS: A, D, E, F Central nervous system stimulants can be used for narcolepsy, neonatal apnea, ADHD, and appetite suppression in the treatment of obesity. They are not used for depression and panic attacks. A 6-year-old boy has been started on an extended-release form of methylphenidatehydrochloride (Ritalin) for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). During a follow- up visit, his mother tells the nurse that she has been giving the medication at bedtime so that it will be “in his system” when he goes to school the next morning. What is the nurse’s appropriate evaluation of the mother’s rections? d. The medication should be given 4 to 6 hours before bedtime to diminish insomnia. Or in the morning ANS: D Central nervous system stimulants should be taken 4 to 6 hours before bedtime to decrease insomnia. Generally speaking, once-a-day dosing is used with extended-release or longacting preparations. These formulations eliminate the need to take this medication at school. A patient has a new prescription for phentermine (Ionamin) as part of the treatment for weight loss. Which information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about a .........................