2022 ASVAB GENERAL SCIENCE NEW EXAM STUDY GUIDE SOLUTION.
Geology - The study of the planet Earth as it pertains to the composition, structure, and origin
of its rocks.
What's a Mineral? - Naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition
and orderly internal crystal structure.
Polymorph - two minerals that have the same chemical composition but a different crystal
structure
What's a Rock? - Aggregates of one or more minerals, and may also contain mineraloids, and
organic remains.
An Aggregate is? - A material or structure formed from a loosely compacted mass of fragments
or particles.
What's a Mineraloid? - Materials lacking in crystalline structure.
What are the three types of Rocks? - Sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
How is a rock classified? - Based on both their formation and material content.
How is a Mineral classified? - By their chemical composition.
Petrology - scientific study of rocks (Composition, structure, texture, occurrence, mode of
formation, and history.)
Mineralogy - the study of minerals
How are sedimentary rocks formed? - By the process of lithification, involving compaction, the
expulsion of liquids from pores, and the cement action of pre-existing rock.
Which is a part of the process of forming at Sedimentary rock? - Pressure and temperature
Where are sedimentary rocks formed? - In layers in the presence of water, it also may contain
organic remains such as fossils
What are the three groups of Sedimentary rocks? - Detrital, Biogenic, Chemical
How is igneous rock formed? - From magma cooling.
Where is Magma located? - beneath the earth's surface
, Where the Magma cools, igneous rock can be classified as - Intrusive, plutonic, hypabyssal,
extrusive, and volcanic
What is magma that solidifies at a great depth called? - Intrusive
What is magma that solidifies near the surface called? - Extrusive
What is magma that flows above the earths surface called? - Lava
Hypabyssal Rock - Igneous rock that is formed at medium depths.
Metamorphic Rock - rock that has been changed by heat and pressure
What are some of the outcomes from the process of Metamorphic Rock? - Deformation,
Compaction, and Destruction
What can Igneous rock ferromagnesian be changed into? - Schist and Gneiss
What can the Sedimentary Rock Carbonaceous be turned into? - Marble
What is the result of rocks that are compressed on all sides or lack specific minerals be? -
Unfoliated
What is an example of an unfoliated rock? - Marble
Fossils - Preservations of plant and animal remains or traces that date back about 10,000 years.
Where are fossils found? - Rock strata or sedimentary rock
How old is the Earth? - 4.6 billion years old
Studies from the Precambrian eon show that life on Earth appeared ____ years ago. - 3.5 billion
Examples of igneous rocks - granite, pumice, obsidian, basalt
Examples of sedimentary rocks - shale, sandstone, gypsum, dolomite, coal
examples of metamorphic rocks - marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite
The Earth is Ellipsoid - Not a perfect sphere
How large is the Earths diameter? - 12,715 km
The center of the Earths depth is - 6,378 km
Geology - The study of the planet Earth as it pertains to the composition, structure, and origin
of its rocks.
What's a Mineral? - Naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition
and orderly internal crystal structure.
Polymorph - two minerals that have the same chemical composition but a different crystal
structure
What's a Rock? - Aggregates of one or more minerals, and may also contain mineraloids, and
organic remains.
An Aggregate is? - A material or structure formed from a loosely compacted mass of fragments
or particles.
What's a Mineraloid? - Materials lacking in crystalline structure.
What are the three types of Rocks? - Sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
How is a rock classified? - Based on both their formation and material content.
How is a Mineral classified? - By their chemical composition.
Petrology - scientific study of rocks (Composition, structure, texture, occurrence, mode of
formation, and history.)
Mineralogy - the study of minerals
How are sedimentary rocks formed? - By the process of lithification, involving compaction, the
expulsion of liquids from pores, and the cement action of pre-existing rock.
Which is a part of the process of forming at Sedimentary rock? - Pressure and temperature
Where are sedimentary rocks formed? - In layers in the presence of water, it also may contain
organic remains such as fossils
What are the three groups of Sedimentary rocks? - Detrital, Biogenic, Chemical
How is igneous rock formed? - From magma cooling.
Where is Magma located? - beneath the earth's surface
, Where the Magma cools, igneous rock can be classified as - Intrusive, plutonic, hypabyssal,
extrusive, and volcanic
What is magma that solidifies at a great depth called? - Intrusive
What is magma that solidifies near the surface called? - Extrusive
What is magma that flows above the earths surface called? - Lava
Hypabyssal Rock - Igneous rock that is formed at medium depths.
Metamorphic Rock - rock that has been changed by heat and pressure
What are some of the outcomes from the process of Metamorphic Rock? - Deformation,
Compaction, and Destruction
What can Igneous rock ferromagnesian be changed into? - Schist and Gneiss
What can the Sedimentary Rock Carbonaceous be turned into? - Marble
What is the result of rocks that are compressed on all sides or lack specific minerals be? -
Unfoliated
What is an example of an unfoliated rock? - Marble
Fossils - Preservations of plant and animal remains or traces that date back about 10,000 years.
Where are fossils found? - Rock strata or sedimentary rock
How old is the Earth? - 4.6 billion years old
Studies from the Precambrian eon show that life on Earth appeared ____ years ago. - 3.5 billion
Examples of igneous rocks - granite, pumice, obsidian, basalt
Examples of sedimentary rocks - shale, sandstone, gypsum, dolomite, coal
examples of metamorphic rocks - marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite
The Earth is Ellipsoid - Not a perfect sphere
How large is the Earths diameter? - 12,715 km
The center of the Earths depth is - 6,378 km
