lOMoARcPSD|25973474
Blood-Banking-2 -
Nursing ()
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by kevin wacira ()
, lOMoARcPSD|25973474
Blood Banking
HISTORY OF BLOOD BANKING Discovery of the three main human
blood groups, A, B, and C, which is later
Bloodletting was based on an ancient system of changed to O. Research charts the
medicine in which blood and other bodily fluid were regular pattern of reaction that occurs
considered to be "humors," the proper balance of after mingling the serum and red cells of
which maintained health. an initial set of six blood specimens.
1902: Fourth Blood Group Discovered
2500 BCE: Egyptians Use Bleeding Fourth blood group, AB, is identified.
A tomb illustration in Memphis, Egypt, 1907: First Use of Cross Matching
depicts a patient being bled from the Cross matching checks the blood of
foot and neck. Though the bloodletting donors and recipients for signs of
was often recommended by physicians incompatibility.
it was carried out by barbers, eventually 1914: First Non-Direct Transfusion
symbolized by the red-and-white-striped The first transfusions had to be made
barber pole. directly from donor to receiver before
1897: Dracula by Irish Author Bram Stoker coagulation. Researchers discover that
is Published adding sodium citrate to blood will prevent
Remembered as the quintessential it from clotting. Adding anticoagulant and
vampire novel, it provided the basis of refrigerating the blood made it possible to
modern vampire fiction… the taking store it for days, opening the way for
of blood from the living to sustain the blood banking.
"life" of the undead. 1917: First Blood Depot
Late 1800s: Bloodletting Army doctor collects and stores type O
Medically Questioned blood, with citrate-glucose solution, in
The benefits of bloodletting began to be advance of the Battle of Cambrai in
seriously questioned in the second half World War I.
of the 1800s. Some still considered it
beneficial in some circumstances, for
instance to "clear out" infected or IMPACT OF WAR
weakened blood or to stop
hemorrhaging. Some forms of 1922: Blood Donor Service Established in
London
bloodletting persisted into the 20th
century. Volunteers agree to be on 24-hour call
and to travel to local hospitals to give
blood as the need arises. All volunteers
TRANSFUSIONS are screened for disease, tested for
blood type, and their names are
1492: First Historical Transfusion Attempt entered into a phone log.
The blood of three 10-year-old boys was 1930: First Network of Blood Facilities
infused by mouth into Pope Innocent The Soviets are the first to establish a
VIII as he sank into a coma. The Pope network of facilities to collect and
and the boys died. store blood for use in transfusions at
1667: First Recorded Human Transfusion hospitals.
The first fully documented human blood 1935: First In-Hospital Blood Facilities
transfusion was administered in France. Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN is the
King Louis XIV's doctor transfused the first to begin storing citrated blood and
blood of a sheep into a 15-year-old boy, utilizing it for transfusions within a
who survived. hospital setting in the U.S.
1818: First Recorded Human-to-Human 1936: Barcelona Blood-Transfusion Service
Transfusion The Barcelona Blood-Transfusion
British obstetrician and physiologist Service collects blood, tests it, pools it
James Blundell performs the first by blood group, preserves and stores it
recorded human-to-human blood in bottles under refrigeration, and by
transfusion. He injected a patient way of vehicles fitted with refrigerators,
suffering from internal bleeding with 12 transports it to front line hospitals
to 14 ounces of blood from several during the Spanish Civil War.
donors. The patient died after initially
showing improvement.
1901: Three Main Blood Groups Discovered
Downloaded by kevin wacira ()
, lOMoARcPSD|25973474
Blood Banking
1937: Term "Blood Bank" Coined ERA OF AIDS
Dr. Bernard Fantus at Chicago's Cook
Co. Hospital coins the term "blood 1981: First Case of AIDS
bank." The first cases of a syndrome initially
1939-40: Discovery of Rh Blood Group called GRID (Gay-related
Discovery of the Rh blood group and Immunodeficiency Disease), due to its
identification of the antibody causing prevalence among gay men, are
still births as the anti-Rh. reported. It is later renamed AIDS
1940: U.S. Sends Blood Plasma to Great (Acquired Immune Deficiency
Britain Syndrome).
U.S. processes, tests, and stores 1982: Blood-Borne Theory
plasma for shipment to Great Britain. When hemophiliacs also begin to
1941: Red Cross Organizes Blood develop GRID, theory developed that
Plasma War Effort the syndrome may be blood borne.
Red Cross agrees to organize a civilian 1983: AIDS Virus Isolated
blood donor service to collect blood Researchers isolate the virus that
plasma for the war effort. causes AIDS.
1943: Transfusion-Transmitted Hepatitis 1984: AIDS Virus Identified
First description of transfusion- Virus that causes AIDS identified as
transmitted hepatitis. HTLV III - human T-cell lymphotropic
1947: American Association of Blood Banks virus.
Community blood banks join together 1985: First AIDS Blood-Screening Test
to form a national network of blood First blood-screening test to detect the
banks called the American Association presence or absence of HIV antibodies.
of Blood Banks. The ELISA test is universally adopted by
1948: Development of Plastic Bag American blood banks and plasma
Development of the plastic bag centers.
revolutionizes blood collection. 1999: NAT Testing
1962: America's Blood Centers Founded Blood centers in the United States begin
Seven community-based blood centers implementation of Nucleic Acid Testing
came together with the help of local (NAT) for all blood donations. It narrows
hospitals, physicians and civic groups to the so-called window period - after - a
establish America's Blood Centers. donor is infected by HIV, Hepatitis-B
1964: Community Blood Center Established and Hepatitis-C but - before - the
Community Blood Center (CBC) condition is detectable by routine
established in a Dayton medical methods.
building basement. 1984: AIDS Virus Identified
1971: CBC Moves to Current Location Virus that causes AIDS identified as
CBC moved to current HTLV III - human T-cell lymphotropic
Dayton headquarters. virus.
1965: Cryoprecipitates Developed 1985: First AIDS Blood-Screening Test
The discovery that slowly thawed frozen First blood-screening test to detect the
plasma yields deposits high in Factor presence or absence of HIV antibodies.
VIII. These deposits, called The ELISA test is universally adopted by
cryoprecipitates - or cryo - are found to American blood banks and plasma
have much greater clotting power than centers.
plasma and are given to hemophiliacs to 1999: NAT Testing
stop bleeding episodes. Blood centers in the United States begin
1971: FDA Regulation implementation of Nucleic Acid Testing
Regulation of blood banking transfers (NAT) for all blood donations. It narrows
from the Division of Biologics Standards the so-called window period - after - a
(DBS) to the Food and Drug donor is infected by HIV, Hepatitis-B
Administration (FDA). and Hepatitis-C but - before - the
1971: Testing for Hepatitis B condition is detectable by routine
Development of a test for hepatitis B methods.
antibodies, thereby identifying
infected donors; the test is mandated
by the FDA.
Downloaded by kevin wacira ()
Blood-Banking-2 -
Nursing ()
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by kevin wacira ()
, lOMoARcPSD|25973474
Blood Banking
HISTORY OF BLOOD BANKING Discovery of the three main human
blood groups, A, B, and C, which is later
Bloodletting was based on an ancient system of changed to O. Research charts the
medicine in which blood and other bodily fluid were regular pattern of reaction that occurs
considered to be "humors," the proper balance of after mingling the serum and red cells of
which maintained health. an initial set of six blood specimens.
1902: Fourth Blood Group Discovered
2500 BCE: Egyptians Use Bleeding Fourth blood group, AB, is identified.
A tomb illustration in Memphis, Egypt, 1907: First Use of Cross Matching
depicts a patient being bled from the Cross matching checks the blood of
foot and neck. Though the bloodletting donors and recipients for signs of
was often recommended by physicians incompatibility.
it was carried out by barbers, eventually 1914: First Non-Direct Transfusion
symbolized by the red-and-white-striped The first transfusions had to be made
barber pole. directly from donor to receiver before
1897: Dracula by Irish Author Bram Stoker coagulation. Researchers discover that
is Published adding sodium citrate to blood will prevent
Remembered as the quintessential it from clotting. Adding anticoagulant and
vampire novel, it provided the basis of refrigerating the blood made it possible to
modern vampire fiction… the taking store it for days, opening the way for
of blood from the living to sustain the blood banking.
"life" of the undead. 1917: First Blood Depot
Late 1800s: Bloodletting Army doctor collects and stores type O
Medically Questioned blood, with citrate-glucose solution, in
The benefits of bloodletting began to be advance of the Battle of Cambrai in
seriously questioned in the second half World War I.
of the 1800s. Some still considered it
beneficial in some circumstances, for
instance to "clear out" infected or IMPACT OF WAR
weakened blood or to stop
hemorrhaging. Some forms of 1922: Blood Donor Service Established in
London
bloodletting persisted into the 20th
century. Volunteers agree to be on 24-hour call
and to travel to local hospitals to give
blood as the need arises. All volunteers
TRANSFUSIONS are screened for disease, tested for
blood type, and their names are
1492: First Historical Transfusion Attempt entered into a phone log.
The blood of three 10-year-old boys was 1930: First Network of Blood Facilities
infused by mouth into Pope Innocent The Soviets are the first to establish a
VIII as he sank into a coma. The Pope network of facilities to collect and
and the boys died. store blood for use in transfusions at
1667: First Recorded Human Transfusion hospitals.
The first fully documented human blood 1935: First In-Hospital Blood Facilities
transfusion was administered in France. Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN is the
King Louis XIV's doctor transfused the first to begin storing citrated blood and
blood of a sheep into a 15-year-old boy, utilizing it for transfusions within a
who survived. hospital setting in the U.S.
1818: First Recorded Human-to-Human 1936: Barcelona Blood-Transfusion Service
Transfusion The Barcelona Blood-Transfusion
British obstetrician and physiologist Service collects blood, tests it, pools it
James Blundell performs the first by blood group, preserves and stores it
recorded human-to-human blood in bottles under refrigeration, and by
transfusion. He injected a patient way of vehicles fitted with refrigerators,
suffering from internal bleeding with 12 transports it to front line hospitals
to 14 ounces of blood from several during the Spanish Civil War.
donors. The patient died after initially
showing improvement.
1901: Three Main Blood Groups Discovered
Downloaded by kevin wacira ()
, lOMoARcPSD|25973474
Blood Banking
1937: Term "Blood Bank" Coined ERA OF AIDS
Dr. Bernard Fantus at Chicago's Cook
Co. Hospital coins the term "blood 1981: First Case of AIDS
bank." The first cases of a syndrome initially
1939-40: Discovery of Rh Blood Group called GRID (Gay-related
Discovery of the Rh blood group and Immunodeficiency Disease), due to its
identification of the antibody causing prevalence among gay men, are
still births as the anti-Rh. reported. It is later renamed AIDS
1940: U.S. Sends Blood Plasma to Great (Acquired Immune Deficiency
Britain Syndrome).
U.S. processes, tests, and stores 1982: Blood-Borne Theory
plasma for shipment to Great Britain. When hemophiliacs also begin to
1941: Red Cross Organizes Blood develop GRID, theory developed that
Plasma War Effort the syndrome may be blood borne.
Red Cross agrees to organize a civilian 1983: AIDS Virus Isolated
blood donor service to collect blood Researchers isolate the virus that
plasma for the war effort. causes AIDS.
1943: Transfusion-Transmitted Hepatitis 1984: AIDS Virus Identified
First description of transfusion- Virus that causes AIDS identified as
transmitted hepatitis. HTLV III - human T-cell lymphotropic
1947: American Association of Blood Banks virus.
Community blood banks join together 1985: First AIDS Blood-Screening Test
to form a national network of blood First blood-screening test to detect the
banks called the American Association presence or absence of HIV antibodies.
of Blood Banks. The ELISA test is universally adopted by
1948: Development of Plastic Bag American blood banks and plasma
Development of the plastic bag centers.
revolutionizes blood collection. 1999: NAT Testing
1962: America's Blood Centers Founded Blood centers in the United States begin
Seven community-based blood centers implementation of Nucleic Acid Testing
came together with the help of local (NAT) for all blood donations. It narrows
hospitals, physicians and civic groups to the so-called window period - after - a
establish America's Blood Centers. donor is infected by HIV, Hepatitis-B
1964: Community Blood Center Established and Hepatitis-C but - before - the
Community Blood Center (CBC) condition is detectable by routine
established in a Dayton medical methods.
building basement. 1984: AIDS Virus Identified
1971: CBC Moves to Current Location Virus that causes AIDS identified as
CBC moved to current HTLV III - human T-cell lymphotropic
Dayton headquarters. virus.
1965: Cryoprecipitates Developed 1985: First AIDS Blood-Screening Test
The discovery that slowly thawed frozen First blood-screening test to detect the
plasma yields deposits high in Factor presence or absence of HIV antibodies.
VIII. These deposits, called The ELISA test is universally adopted by
cryoprecipitates - or cryo - are found to American blood banks and plasma
have much greater clotting power than centers.
plasma and are given to hemophiliacs to 1999: NAT Testing
stop bleeding episodes. Blood centers in the United States begin
1971: FDA Regulation implementation of Nucleic Acid Testing
Regulation of blood banking transfers (NAT) for all blood donations. It narrows
from the Division of Biologics Standards the so-called window period - after - a
(DBS) to the Food and Drug donor is infected by HIV, Hepatitis-B
Administration (FDA). and Hepatitis-C but - before - the
1971: Testing for Hepatitis B condition is detectable by routine
Development of a test for hepatitis B methods.
antibodies, thereby identifying
infected donors; the test is mandated
by the FDA.
Downloaded by kevin wacira ()
