MARASMUS VS KWASHIOKOR
Loss of muscle mass and fat. Due Severe lack of protein – essential
to poverty and scarcity of food. in pregnancy and early childhood
Can also be caused by premature development. Common in poverty
birth and baby failing to latch. stricken areas. Child is very
Child is very lethargic. irritable
What's the difference?
MARASMUS KWASHIOKOR
Weaning babies Young children and babies
Inability to grow or gain Weight loss
weight Edema and swelling of
Stomach shrinkage hands and feet
Anemia Dehydration
Stomach bulging
Diarrhea
Orange hair
Treatment and prevention
Adequate and varied diet
Public education
Treat underling deficiencies and viruses first
Skimmed milk formula with snaitised water
Increasing energy content of milk by the addition of sunflower oil
Followed by solids of cereals and mince
The more severe cases the slower the feeds are increased
Even if treated – improper physical and mental develop may still occur
Reoccurrence is high unless living conditions are drastically improved
, Genetically modified foods
GMO’S are organisms which have been genetically engineered / genetically
manipulated.
The genetic material/code (DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid) has been altered in
a way that does not occur naturally.
The long DNA chains that are part of chromosomes, are subdivided into
segments known as genes.
Genes give all plants and animals their characteristics e.g. colour of petals, height, eye colour etc.
It allows selected individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another, also between non-
related species.
This organism & its descendants will then also have this characteristic.
The organisms receiving this gene is called a transgenic organism as it has been genetically modified.
These methods create GM plants and food crops that have characteristics such as resistance to disease,
increased nutritional value and shelf life.
, Where are these used?
Soya = 60-70% processed food and baby formula
Corn = breakfast cereal / flour
Corn syrup (Glucose) = processed foods
Cotton seed = oil used in fast food industry
Canola = oil and margarine
Advantages for farmers, manufacturers and consumers
Crops are more pest resistant
Need for pesticides is reduced e.g. GM cotton produces an insecticide naturally
Benefits the environment as fewer chemicals are needed
Production costs are lowered – less time and equipment required to spray crops.
Crops more resistant to herbicides
Herbicides can be used effectively without harming the crop itself.
Crops are more resistant to diseases & unfavourable conditions
Can survive extreme T, drought and frost
Can grow in unproductive soil e.g. alkaline soil or marshes
Areas with a low agriculture potential can be utilised to grow these crops
Crop yield & production of meat, eggs & milk improve
Improves food security in a world with a rising human population
GM foods can have an increased shelf-life
GM foods can have improved processing & manufacturing characteristics
Cheaper due to low production costs
More plentiful e.g. large quantities of GM sugar cane increases sugar yields
Some characteristics of GM crops can be improved
ee. appearance, size, firmness, juiciness, seedlessness, taste & texture
GM crops can be more nutritious
Golden rice (vit. A) can play a role in the fight against malnutrition in developing countries.
Can possibly be used to make edible vaccines
e.g. bananas (cholera resistance) / (Hepatitis B)
Some GM sheep produce a human protein in their milk that can be extracted & used in the treatment
of some lung diseases.
Bacteria & other mico-organisms can be used in the manufacture of medicines
e.g. insulin that is used by diabetics
Loss of muscle mass and fat. Due Severe lack of protein – essential
to poverty and scarcity of food. in pregnancy and early childhood
Can also be caused by premature development. Common in poverty
birth and baby failing to latch. stricken areas. Child is very
Child is very lethargic. irritable
What's the difference?
MARASMUS KWASHIOKOR
Weaning babies Young children and babies
Inability to grow or gain Weight loss
weight Edema and swelling of
Stomach shrinkage hands and feet
Anemia Dehydration
Stomach bulging
Diarrhea
Orange hair
Treatment and prevention
Adequate and varied diet
Public education
Treat underling deficiencies and viruses first
Skimmed milk formula with snaitised water
Increasing energy content of milk by the addition of sunflower oil
Followed by solids of cereals and mince
The more severe cases the slower the feeds are increased
Even if treated – improper physical and mental develop may still occur
Reoccurrence is high unless living conditions are drastically improved
, Genetically modified foods
GMO’S are organisms which have been genetically engineered / genetically
manipulated.
The genetic material/code (DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid) has been altered in
a way that does not occur naturally.
The long DNA chains that are part of chromosomes, are subdivided into
segments known as genes.
Genes give all plants and animals their characteristics e.g. colour of petals, height, eye colour etc.
It allows selected individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another, also between non-
related species.
This organism & its descendants will then also have this characteristic.
The organisms receiving this gene is called a transgenic organism as it has been genetically modified.
These methods create GM plants and food crops that have characteristics such as resistance to disease,
increased nutritional value and shelf life.
, Where are these used?
Soya = 60-70% processed food and baby formula
Corn = breakfast cereal / flour
Corn syrup (Glucose) = processed foods
Cotton seed = oil used in fast food industry
Canola = oil and margarine
Advantages for farmers, manufacturers and consumers
Crops are more pest resistant
Need for pesticides is reduced e.g. GM cotton produces an insecticide naturally
Benefits the environment as fewer chemicals are needed
Production costs are lowered – less time and equipment required to spray crops.
Crops more resistant to herbicides
Herbicides can be used effectively without harming the crop itself.
Crops are more resistant to diseases & unfavourable conditions
Can survive extreme T, drought and frost
Can grow in unproductive soil e.g. alkaline soil or marshes
Areas with a low agriculture potential can be utilised to grow these crops
Crop yield & production of meat, eggs & milk improve
Improves food security in a world with a rising human population
GM foods can have an increased shelf-life
GM foods can have improved processing & manufacturing characteristics
Cheaper due to low production costs
More plentiful e.g. large quantities of GM sugar cane increases sugar yields
Some characteristics of GM crops can be improved
ee. appearance, size, firmness, juiciness, seedlessness, taste & texture
GM crops can be more nutritious
Golden rice (vit. A) can play a role in the fight against malnutrition in developing countries.
Can possibly be used to make edible vaccines
e.g. bananas (cholera resistance) / (Hepatitis B)
Some GM sheep produce a human protein in their milk that can be extracted & used in the treatment
of some lung diseases.
Bacteria & other mico-organisms can be used in the manufacture of medicines
e.g. insulin that is used by diabetics
