Best Test Bank For Gerontological Nursing, 10th Edition by Charlotte Eliopoulos All chapters

elaborated answers to help you in your exams Test Bank For Gerontological Nursing, 10th Edition by Charlotte Eliopoulos MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 2. The nurse assesses the older adult patient for evidence of the onset of the effectiveness of an oral preparation because age-related changes in the concentration of gastric acid can: a. change the chemical composition of the drug. b. increase the distribution. c. decrease the strength of the drug. d. retard absorption. ANS: D Decreased gastric acid can decrease the speed of absorption. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: 132 OBJ: 3 TOP: Drug Absorption KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 3. The nurse is aware that age-related changes in the stomach that can cause increased drug absorption and possibly toxicity include: a. decreased gastric motility. b. gastric reflux disease. c. inability of gastric cells to transport the drug. d. decreased peristalsis. ANS: A Decreased motility leaves the drug in contact with the gastric mucosa for a longer period of time, which leads to increased absorption. Peristalsis is rhythmic movements of the bowels. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 132 OBJ: 3 TOP: Increased Absorption KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 4. To help prevent lithium toxicity in the older adult, the nurse modifies the nursing care plan to include interventions to: a. increase fluid intake to 3500 mL daily. b. have the patient ambulate for 10 minutes after the drug is administered. c. prohibit citrus fruit in the diet. d. administer a prescribed stool softener to ensure a daily bowel movement. ANS: A Increase of fluids will help allow water-soluble drugs such as lithium to be diluted in the bloodstream more effectively and excreted more rapidly. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 132 OBJ: 8 TOP: Distribution KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk 5. The nurse takes into consideration that as adipose tissue replaces muscle mass in the older adult, a person taking a fat-soluble drug such as diazepam (Valium) several times a day would exhibit: a. tachycardia. b. a hangover effect. c. agitation. d. hypertension. ANS: B Fat-soluble drugs become trapped in the adipose tissue and are slowly released into the bloodstream, increasing the drugs concentration. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 132 OBJ: 3 TOP: Distribution KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 6. The nurse cautions the older adult who is taking the protein-bound drug warfarin (Coumadin) that, with age-related reduced plasma protein levels, the risk of an adverse reaction is high because: a. unbound active drug molecules continue to circulate in the bloodstream. b. the bleeding and clotting times will decrease, as evidenced by the PT and INR. c. the drug becomes ineffective and does not deliver its intended therapeutic action. d. renal damage can occur from the altered drug molecules. ANS: A Unbound drug molecules will still be circulating, leading to excess drug in the bloodstream. In this situation the bleeding and clotting times will be decreased. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 132 OBJ: 3 TOP: Distribution KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 7. The nurse frequently assesses the older adult who is on a psychotropic drug for an overdose because: a. older adults are less active. b. the older adult has fewer cognitive capabilities. c. brain receptors have become hypersensitive. d. receptor sites have lower perfusion. ANS: C Brain receptors in the older adult become hypersensitive as age increases, resulting in an exaggerated response to pharmacologic therapy. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: 133 OBJ: 8 TOP: Pharmacodynamics KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 8. The major risk of polypharmacy for the older adult is: a. ignorance about his or her prescriptions. b. taking over-the-counter preparations. c. being treated by more than one physician. d. taking old prescriptions rather than consulting a physician. ANS: C Although all the options may offer an opportunity for polypharmacy, the major risk is that of the patient being treated by more than one physician at the same time. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 134 OBJ: 4 TOP: Polypharmacy KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 9. The home health nurse would be most concerned about self-medicating errors for the older adult living alone who is a type 1 diabetic and is: a. afflicted with early Parkinson disease. b. visually impaired. c. a rheumatoid arthritic with stiffened hands. d. paralyzed from the waist down. ANS: B The visually impaired diabetic is at the greatest risk for a medication error by incorrectly preparing an insulin injection. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: 134 OBJ: 11 TOP: Sensory Changes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 10. The medication nurse is aware that the most reliable method of patient identification for administration of medications is: a. a photograph of the patient. b. an identification bracelet. c. asking the patient to repeat his or her name. d. use of the patients room number. ANS: B The use of an identification bracelet is the most accurate and reliable method to identify the patient. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 142 OBJ: 9 TOP: Patient Identification KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control 11. The physician has written an order to convert an enteric-coated medication from the pill form to the liquid form. The nurse should: a. transcribe the order and change the medication administration record to show the liquid form. b. use up the rest of the tablets by crushing them and giving them dissolved in water. c. order the liquid form from the pharmacy as ordered. d. inquire if the physician wants the dose to be the same as the pill. ANS: D Because liquids are absorbed more rapidly, the dose might need to be lowered or the schedule of administration changed to avoid an overdose. Enteric-coated medications should not be crushed. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: 143 OBJ: 9 TOP: Liquid Medication KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 12. When the patient complains that the several pills at the 8 AM dose stick in her throat, the nurse could facilitate administration by: a. suggesting that she take all the pills at one time with a mouthful of water. b. offering the patient one pill at a time. c. crushing all the pills and mixing them in the patients breakfast cereal. d. offering a sip of water before and after each pill. ANS: D Offering water before and after administration counteracts the dry mouth that causes the pills to stick. Offering one pill at a time without water does not address the problem of sticking. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 144 OBJ: 9 TOP: Pill Administration KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort 13. The nurse is aware that medicating with transdermal patches requires that the nurse should: a. apply the patch at the same site every day and carry out documentation. b. fold and dispose of the used patch in the sharps container. c. warm the patch in his or her hands before application. d. cover the patch with a light gauze dressing to prevent dislodgement. ANS: B The used patch should be folded with the sticky sides together and disposed of in the sharps container for environmental safety. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 145, Box 7 OBJ: 6 TOP: Transdermal Patches KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 14. When the medication nurse offers a pill to the older adult patient, the patient asks, What is this and what is it for? The nurses best response would be: a. Im not at liberty to discuss your medication. You need to talk to your doctor. b. Thats a feel good pill that will make you feel better. c. Its a cephalosporin that has been ordered to treat your URI. d. Its an antibiotic for the infection in your urine. ANS: D Patients have the right to know what they are taking and given a reasonable rationale for its use that they can understand. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 146 OBJ: 10 TOP: Right to Know KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort 15. When the 80-year-old female patient refuses to take a medication because it burns her stomach, the medication nurse should: a. crush the pill and mix it with the dessert on her meal tray. b. insist that she take it for her own good. c. circle and initial the dose time to show nonadministration. d. document the reason for refusal and report the refusal to the charge nurse. ANS: D The nurse should carry out documentation of the reason for refusal and report the refusal. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 146 OBJ: 10 TOP: Refusal of Treatment KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care 16. For the older adult patient receiving the bronchodilator theophylline, the nurse would assess for __________ as evidence of an overdose. a. tachycardia b. confusion c. hypotension d. lethargy ANS: A Tachycardia is a significant side effect of theophylline. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 141 OBJ: 7 TOP: Drug Overdose KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 17. When the 75-year-old man who has been on a protocol of chlorpromazine (Thorazine) begins to _______ and complain of difficulty swallowing, the nurse notifies the physician. a. cough b. wheeze c. drool d. gag ANS: C Drooling and difficulty swallowing are signs of drug toxicity to chlorpromazine (Thorazine). DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 141 OBJ: 7 TOP: Drug Toxicity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 18. The nurse preparing to administer 1 mL of vitamin B 12 intramuscularly to an emaciated 82year-old patient would choose a _____-inch needle to inject into the _____ site. a. 1.5; upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus b. 1.5; ventral gluteal c. 1; deltoid d. 1; ventral gluteal ANS: D The 1-inch needle to be injected into the ventral gluteal site is the safest choice for the emaciated patient. The location is easily accessible and free from major nerves of vessels. The deltoid is a poor site except for very small dosages. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 145-146 OBJ: 9 TOP: Intramuscular Injection KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk 19. The nurse explains that the Beers criteria provide guidelines for: a. medications best avoided by the elderly independent of diagnosis. b. diagnostic procedures that are considered inappropriate for a diagnosis. c. penalties for extended care facilities that allow administration of particular drugs. d. assessments necessary before the prescription of particular drugs. ANS: A The Beers criteria lists medications best not prescribed for the elderly. The lists are updated regularly, most recently in 2010. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 134 OBJ: 5 TOP: Beers Criteria KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk 20. The nurse preparing to crush a patients oral medications can crush the: a. plain antihypertensive medication tablet. b. sublingual tablet of nitroglycerin. c. timed-release capsule for gastric reflux. d. enteric-coated aspirin. ANS: A Only the plain tablet can be crushed. Timed-release, sublingual medications, and enteric-coated medications should not be crushed. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 144, Box 7 OBJ: 9 TOP: Crushing Medication KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. The nurse planning to set up a self-medication program for a 70-year-old resident in an extended-care facility will ensure the provision of __________. (Select all that apply.) a. delivery of adequate supply of medication b. payment for medication c. locked medication storage at bedside d. medication administration record e. assessment of effectiveness of medication ANS: A, C, D, E For self-medication in an extended-care facility, the nurse should make provisions for adequate medication supply, locked storage, medication administration record, and an assessment of the effectiveness of the medication. Payment is not in the purview of the nurse. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 146-147 OBJ: 4 TOP: Medication Administration KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk 2. The nurse includes information in the nursing care plan pertinent to the patients needs as they relate to drug administration, which include __________. (Select all that apply.) a. schedule for drawing blood values b. patients need for crushing medication c. patients preference as to the use of medium in which to give crushed medicines d. schedule of medication and dose times e. parameters of pulse or blood pressure, if significant to administration ANS: A, B, C, E Schedule and dose information are not considered part of the nursing care plan. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 142 OBJ: 8 TOP: Medication Information in the Nursing Care Plan KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies 3. The home health nurse reviews all medications of a patient because the nurse is aware that with the high cost of prescription drugs, older adults will __________. (Select all that apply.) a. simply not fill a new prescription b. take less than prescribed to preserve their supply c. fill all prescriptions at once to get a discount d. save old prescription drugs for later use e. share medications ANS: A, B, D, E Filling prescriptions at one time can be costly even with a discount; therefore the older adult may pick and choose which ones to fill. All the other behaviors listed are methods whereby persons on a limited budget will attempt to preserve their supply of medications and contain costs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 140 OBJ: 12 TOP: Risks Related to Financial Factors KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Coping and Adaptation 4. The nurse is aware that the older adult is more at risk for medication-related problems related to __________. (Select all that apply.) a. drug-testing methodology b. age-related changes c. polypharmacy d. cognitive and sensory changes e. lack of adequate medical follow-up ANS: A, B, C, D Lack of follow-up is not identified as a factor in medication-related problems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 132 OBJ: 1 TOP: Factors in Medication-Related Problems KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 5. The nurse reminds the older adult that self-medication with OTC drugs can be hazardous because OTC drugs can __________. (Select all that apply.) a. increase the effect of a prescribed drug b. interfere with the efficacy of a prescribed drug c. mask significant symptoms of primary disease d. create symptomatology of their own e. cause overdose because they are not considered to be real drugs ANS: A, B, C, D, E The overuse of OTC drugs can cause all these medication-related problems. Chapter 18 Respiration MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse best maximizes an older adults potential to avoid developing a postsurgical respiratory infection by: a. walking the patient to the bathroom instead of using the bedside commode. b. encouraging compliance with prescribed antibiotic therapy. c. evaluating the patients ability to effectively cough and deep breathe. d. offering fluids every hour while the patient is awake. ANS: C Older adults have a decrease in the number and effectiveness of cilia in the tracheobronchial tree, which results in increasing difficulty clearing secretions. The other activities also help avoid atelectasis and infection, but evaluating the patients ability to cough and deep breathe can indicate that other treatment measures may be needed postoperatively. DIF: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: Page 423 OBJ: 22-1 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity 2. An older adults pulmonary function studies indicate that his vital capacity is reduced and his residual volume is increased. The nurse recognizes that these test results are observed in the patients: a. ineffective cough reflex. b. shallow breathing. c. slow respiratory rate. d. frequent respiratory infections. ANS: B Normal aging results in the progressive loss of elastic recoil of the lung parenchyma and conducting airways as well as reduced elastic recoil of the lung and the opposing forces of the chest wall. The lung becomes less elastic as collagenic substances surrounding the alveoli and