FUNCTIONALIST THEORY
PEELE 1: DURKHEIM
P – Modern society’s div of labour promotes differences and weakens social solidarity.
E – Modern society brings freedom that must be regulated.
E – Rapid change undermines old norms which create anomie.
E – It is teleological does not explain cause before effect.
PEELE 2 : PARSONS
P – Society has similarities between the body system and societal system.
E – Both have a system, system needs and functions.
E – The societal systems 4 needs (AGIL) : Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration and
Latency.
E – Merton says some parts of society may have functional autonomy.
, MARXIST THEORY
PEELE 1: MARX SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM
P – Marx focuses on class exploitation.
E – 3 successive class societies: ancient, feudal and capitalist.
E – Polarising and alienating the w/c brings the proletariat together and they become aware
of their exploitation.
E–
PEELE 2: ALTHUSSER
P – The state has 2 apparatuses to control the working/class.
E – ISA (Media, Education, Family) and the RSA (‘armed bodies of men’)
E – Legitimises capitalism.
E – Gouldner says it discourages political activism as it stresses the role of structural factors
that individuals can do little to effect.
PEELE 3: GRAMSCI
P – Argues that ideological hegemony helps the ruling-class maintain their dominant
position.
E – Through coercion and consent.
E – Counter-hegemony is needed to overthrow the ruling-class and the w/c must produce
their own ‘organic intellectuals.’
E–
PEELE 1: DURKHEIM
P – Modern society’s div of labour promotes differences and weakens social solidarity.
E – Modern society brings freedom that must be regulated.
E – Rapid change undermines old norms which create anomie.
E – It is teleological does not explain cause before effect.
PEELE 2 : PARSONS
P – Society has similarities between the body system and societal system.
E – Both have a system, system needs and functions.
E – The societal systems 4 needs (AGIL) : Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration and
Latency.
E – Merton says some parts of society may have functional autonomy.
, MARXIST THEORY
PEELE 1: MARX SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM
P – Marx focuses on class exploitation.
E – 3 successive class societies: ancient, feudal and capitalist.
E – Polarising and alienating the w/c brings the proletariat together and they become aware
of their exploitation.
E–
PEELE 2: ALTHUSSER
P – The state has 2 apparatuses to control the working/class.
E – ISA (Media, Education, Family) and the RSA (‘armed bodies of men’)
E – Legitimises capitalism.
E – Gouldner says it discourages political activism as it stresses the role of structural factors
that individuals can do little to effect.
PEELE 3: GRAMSCI
P – Argues that ideological hegemony helps the ruling-class maintain their dominant
position.
E – Through coercion and consent.
E – Counter-hegemony is needed to overthrow the ruling-class and the w/c must produce
their own ‘organic intellectuals.’
E–
