Samenvatting Chemie Overal Koolstofverbindingen

Hoofdstuk​ ​6​ ​Koolstofbindingen
Koolstofchemie​ ​=​ ​organische​ ​chemie

6.2
Vertakt​​ ​=​ ​komt​ ​minstens​ ​een​ ​C-atoom​ ​voor​ ​dat​ ​met​ ​drie​ ​of​ ​vier​ ​andere​ ​C-atomen​ ​verbonden
is
Onvertakt​ ​=​ ​is​ ​elk​ ​C-atoom​ ​met​ ​een​ ​of​ ​twee​ ​andere​ ​C-atomen​ ​verbonden


Alkanen
Algemene​ ​formule​ ​=​ ​ C n H 2n+2

M​ethaan CH 4 H​exaan C 6 H 14
E​thaan C 2H 6 H​eptaan C 7 H 16
P​ropaan C 3H 8 O​ctaan C 8 H 18
B​utaan C 4 H 10 N​onaan C 9 H 20
P​entaan C 5 H 12 D​ecaan C 10 H 22

Covalentie​ ​=​ ​aantal​ ​atoombindingen​ ​dat​ ​een​ ​niet-metaal​ ​moet​ ​hebben

Als​ ​een​ ​waterstof​ ​(H)​ ​gekoppeld​ ​is​ ​aan​ ​een​ ​koolstof​ ​(C)​ ​mag​ ​je​ ​als​ ​volgt​ ​doen​ ​:​ ​C​ ​-

Isomerie​ ​=​ ​het​ ​verschijnsel​ ​dat​ ​stoffen​ ​met​ ​dezelfde​ ​molecuulformule​ ​een​ ​ander
structuurformule​ ​hebben.​ ​Dus​ ​een​ ​andere​ ​naam​ ​en​ ​andere​ ​stofeigenschappen

V.b​ ​Butaan​ ​( C 4 H 10 ) C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C

C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C C​ ​-​ ​C
​ ​l ​ ​l
C C​ ​-​ ​C

Isomeer​ ​van​ ​Butaan C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​l
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​C

Regels​ ​voor​ ​naamgeving​ ​van​ ​een​ ​structuurformule​ ​:
1. Zoek​ ​de​ ​langste​ ​C-keten​ ​dat​ ​wordt​ ​dan​ ​de​ ​uitgang​ ​van​ ​de​ ​naam.
2. Omcirkel​ ​wat​ ​over​ ​is,​ ​dit​ ​noem​ ​je​ ​dan​ ​de​ ​vertakking.
3. Numreer​ ​zodat​ ​de​ ​vertakking​ ​het​ ​dichts​ ​mogelijk​ ​bij​ ​een​ ​uiteinde​ ​is.

V.b​ ​Butaan​ ​( C 4 H 10 ) `` C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C

(Oranje​ ​=​ ​Langste​ ​keten) C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​l 2-Methyl-propaan
CH 3 = methyl ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​C

, Pentaan​ ​( C 5 H 12 ) C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C

C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C 2-Methyl-Butaan
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​l
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​C

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​C
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​l
C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C 2,2-diMethyl-Propaan
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​l
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​C

Nonaan​ ​( C 9 H 20 ) ​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C

C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C 4-Ethyl-2-Methyl-Hexaan
​ ​l​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​l
C​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​C
​ ​l
C 2 H 5 = E thyl C

Wanneer​ ​je​ ​meerdere​ ​(verschillende)​ ​vertakkingen​ ​hebt​ ​met​ ​verschillende​ ​namen​ ​met​ ​je​ ​de
volgende​ ​regels​ ​gebruiken​ ​:
1. Alfabetische​ ​volgorde​ ​(Ethyl​ ​met​ ​een​ ​E​ ​is​ ​voor​ ​Methyl​ ​met​ ​een​ ​M)
2. Telworden​ ​(di​ e
​ n​ ​tri)​ ​doen​ ​niet​ ​mee​ ​aan​ ​de​ ​alfabetische​ ​volgorde


Alkenen
Algemene​ ​formule​ ​=​ ​ C n H 2n
↳​ ​Bevat​ ​een​ ​dubbele​ ​binding​ ​(​ ​C=C​ ​)
↳​ ​Onverzadigd
Familie​ ​van​ ​de​ ​Cycloalkanen

V.b C​ ​=​ ​C Eth​een​​ ​ C 2 H 4

C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​=​ ​C ​ ​Prop​een​​ ​ C 3 H 6

C​ ​=​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C 1-But​een​​ ​ C 4 H 8

C​ ​-​ ​C​ ​=​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C 2-But​een​​ ​ C 4 H 8

C​ ​=​ ​C​ ​-​ ​C 2-Methyl-1-Prop​een
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​I
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​C