Microbiology 311 Exam 1 Practice Questions Regarding early life on Earth (Top 2024/2025 EXAM REVIEW PAPERS / GRADED A+/ 100% Accurate)

Microbiology 311 Exam 1 Practice Questions Regarding early life on Earth a. microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life. b. microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount of time as plants. c. microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time. d. it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared. -a. microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life. The person who described the "wee animalcules" was a. Robert Hooke. b. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. c. Louis Pasteur. d. Ferdinand Cohn. -b. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. Which of the following is/are characteristic of all cellular organisms? a. communication. b. evolution. c. motility. d. communication, evolution, and motility. -b. evolution Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Microbial cells can exist as single cells. b. Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently. c. Microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses. d. Microbial cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. -c. Microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses. 10) Cells move polar molecules across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient using a. energy and transport proteins. b. simple diffusion. c. modifications to membrane lipids. d. random molecular movement. -a. energy and transport proteins. 14) The cell wall of a Gram-positive bacterium is composed of a thick ________ layer. a. protein b. poly-β-hydroxybutryic acid (PHB) c. lipopolysaccharides (LPS) d. peptidoglycan -D. peptidoglycan Transport proteins located in the cytoplasmic membrane are necessary when a. diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell. b. movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient. c. the level of nutrients in nature is very low. d. nutrient concentration is very low in the environment -d. nutrient concentration is very low in the environment, is higher inside of the cell, or diffusion is not possible. The cytoplasmic membrane could best be described as a. an impermeable barrier. b. a passive conduit for intracellular transport. c. a highly selective permeability barrier. d. a rigid structure that protects the cell. -c. a highly selective permeability barrier. Based on the functional roles of phosphate in various microbial metabolisms which of the following compounds most likely contain phosphate a. organic compounds. b. inorganic compounds. c. both organic and inorganic compounds. d. neither organic nor inorganic compounds -c. both organic and inorganic compounds. Fermentation has a relatively low ATP yield compared to aerobic respiration because a. more reducing equivalents are used for anaerobic catabolism. b. less ATP is consumed during the first stage of aerobic catabolism. c. oxidative phosphorylation yields a lot of ATP. d. substrate-level phosphorylation yields a lot of ATP. -c. oxidative phosphorylation yields a lot of ATP. If ΔG0ʹ is negative the reaction is? a. exergonic and requires the input of energ