Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues test bank Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition

Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues 2.1 Cell and Membrane Structure Cells are composed of their cytoplasm, which includes the cytosol and organelles, the nucleus and the surrounding plasma membrane. You should know that the plasma membrane is a double layer of phospholipid molecules and that these molecules have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end. The plasma membrane contains proteins including the ATPase (the sodium–potassium pump) which moves sodium ions out of the cell while moving potassium ions into the cell. Other proteins act as receptors and as pores or gateways into the cell. You should know the names and function of some of the organelles within the cells. For example you should know that mitochondria produce ATP and that ribosomes synthesise proteins from amino acids. 1. Which structure within the cell produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)? a. Mitochondria b. Nucleus c. Peripheral proteins d. Endoplasmic reticulum Answer is A: This is a basic function of mitochondria. All other answers are wrong. 2. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell plasma membrane? a. Cholesterol b. Proteins c. Microfilaments d. Phospholipids Answer is C: Microfilaments occur inside the cell. 3. Except for one, the following are types of cells. Which one is NOT a type of cell? a. Platelets b. Leucocytes c. Macrophages d. Osteoblasts Answer is A: Platelets are fragments of a cell (a megakaryocyte) bound by a membrane. 4. In which part of a cell does the process of making ATP from oxygen and glu-cose take place? a. Lysosomes b. Ribosomes c. Mitochondria d. Golgi apparatus Answer is C: ATP production is the function of mitochondria. 5. Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins? a. To process lipids and proteins for secretion through the plasma membrane b. To act as receptors for hormones c. To synthesise proteins from amino acids d. To act as a cytoskeleton to support and shape the cell Answer is B: One function of membrane proteins is to receive (amino acid based) hormones that cannot pass through the plasma membrane. 6. What is the difference between simple squamous cells and simple columnar cells? a. Squamous cells are flattened while columnar cells are taller than they are wide. b. Simple squamous cells are one layer thick while simple columnar cells are several layers thick. c. Simple squamous cells are epithelial tissue while simple columnar cells are connective tissue. d. Squamous cells are flattened while columnar cells are cuboidal. Answer is A: The name of the cells contains a description of their shape: either flat or like columns. Simple refers to a single layer of cells 7. Which of the following is NOT an example of a cell? a. Macrophages b. Lysosomes c. Plasmocytes d. Chondroblasts Answer is B: The suffix “-some” refers to an organelle within a cell. The other suffixes all indicate a type of cell. 8. Which cell organelles contain an acidic environment capable of digesting a wide variety of molecules? a. Lysosomes b. Ribosomes c. Centrosomes d. Golgi complex Answer is A: The prefix “lyso-” refers to the ability to dissolve or destroy molecules or cells. 9. Which statement about the plasma membrane is INCORRECT? a. It is selectively permeable. b. It is composed of two layers of glycoprotein molecules. c. It contains receptors for specific signalling molecules. d. The plasma membranes of adjacent cells are held together by desmosomes. Answer is B: The PM is indeed made of two layers, but they are phospholipid (not glycoprotein) molecules. 10. What is the name of the mechanism that ensures that there is a higher concentration of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid? a. Facilitated diffusion b. The sodium–potassium pump c. Secondary active transport d. Osmosis Answer is B: The “pump” (or ATPase) transports Na+ out and K+ into the cell.