Chapter 7: Skeletal System Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition

Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition Chapter 7: Skeletal System 7.1 Bones 1. Which of the following is NOT a bone of the axial skeleton? a. Deltoid b. Ethmoid c. Sphenoid d. Hyoid Answer is A: The “deltoid” bone does not exist. Choice D, the hyoid does not articulate with any bone, but being in the neck is considered part of the axial skeleton. 2. Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? a. Haemopoiesis b. Haemostasis c. Peristalsis d. Glycogenolysis Answer is A: New red and white blood cells are made in the bone marrow (haemopoiesis). Haemostasis refers to stopping bleeding. 3. In which of the following bone structures do osteocytes live? a. Osteons b. Canaliculi c. Lacunae d. Lamellae Answer is C: Lacunae are the spaces within the lamellae of an osteon which enclose a bone cell (osteocyte). These cells extend their processes into the canaliculi. 4. Which bone is most superior? a. Manubrium b. Occipital bone c. Cervical vertebra #3 d. Patella Answer is B: The occipital bone forms the base of the skull so is above (superior) to all the others when the body is in the anatomical position. 5. What is a “trochanter”? a. Part of a femur b. A feature of the pelvis c. A projection that forms part of an articulation d. A groove in which lies a tendon Answer is A: The “greater” trochanter is a bone marking (a bump) that lies on the lateral surface of the proximal femur, while the “lesser” trochanter lies on the medial surface of the proximal femur. 6. One of the functions of bones is to make red blood cells. What is this process known as? a. Haemolysis b. Haemopoiesis c. Haematuria d. Haemostasis Answer is B: Haemopoiesis (or haematopoiesis) refers to making all of cellular components of blood. The other (wrong) choices are, respectively, the rupturing (lysis) of RBC, blood in the urine, the process by which we cause bleeding to stop. 7. Where do osteocytes reside? a. In lamellae b. In endosteum c. In trabeculae d. In lacunae Answer is D: Lacunae are the spaces within the lamellae of an osteon which are occupied by a bone cell (osteocyte). 8. Which of the following describes the movements known as pronation and supination? a. The flexing of the arm with respect to the forearm around the elbow b. The swelling of the foot to the medial and lateral directions c. The twisting of the wrist while the elbow is held motionless d. The rotation at the shoulder that causes the arm to describe a cone shape Answer is C: Pronation occurs when the radius is moved from a position parallel to the ulna to one where it crosses over the ulna, and supination is the return motion (may be thought of as the action we perform when turning off a wall = mounted tap). 9. Which of the following is NOT a “long” bone? a. The humerus b. The tibia c. A carpal d. A metacarpal Answer is C: A “long bone” has a length that is significantly longer than its width. A carpal (a bone of the wrist) is a short bone. 10. Which one of the following is a bone that is embedded within a tendon? a. Sphenoid b. Hyoid c. Ethmoid d. Sesamoid Answer is D: Sesamoid refers to like a sesame seed. Many are normal parts of anatomy that ossify within tendons (patella, fabella, hallux sesamoid). 11. In which one of the following structures do osteocytes reside? a. Haversian canals b. Lacunae c. Trabeculae d. Endosteum Answer is B: Lacuna refers to a hole, pit, “lake” or cavity within a bone. 12. What are the bones of the fingers known as? a. Short bones b. Metacarpals c. Carpals d. Phalanges Answer is D: Phalanges (singular phalanx) are the bones of the fingers or toes. Metacarpals are the bones of the hand. 13. Which of the following comprise seven bones? a. Cervical vertebrae b. Carpals c. Cranial bones d. Lumbar vertebrae Answer is A: C1–C7. There are eight carpals in each wrist. There are eight cranial bones. There are five lumbar vertebrae.