Introduction to spatial planning
2e deel tentamen 11 december 2023
Planners as activists
Chapter 6: Marcuse, P. (2011) The three historic currents of city planning. In Fainstein and DeFilippis
(2016) Readings in Planning Theory (4th ed.).
Lecture 14
Shifting view of planner’s responsibility
Technicist planning Reform planning Social justice planning
Planning needs to provide: - Physical aspects of - Direct confrontation
- Infrastructure space, harmony, beauty with issues of power
- Avoid clashing land and order - Putting the interests of
uses that interfere with - Changes in the urban social justice ahead of
econ. activity environment competing claims on
- Regulate social abuses contributing to general planning oriented
human welfare - Efficiency as primary
- Public participation goal
and democratization. - Decision making from
below.
Synoptic planning:
- Since 1900
- Technocratic, positivist
- Citizens are subject of government planning
- Planner = the expert ‘who knows what's best for society’
- Neutral and objective
- Through master plans en governmental regulations
Incremental planning
- Since 1950 (-+)
- Pragmatic, small steps ‘science of muddling through’
- Role citizen: providing information
- Role planning: Negotiator, mediator
- Pluriform (in many forms)
- Loss of believe in large processes of change
Advocacy planning
- Since 1960
- Planning with communities
- Citizens represented by planners
- Role planner: Activist, works with marginalised communities.
- Equal value of professional and community knowledge
- Protest against planning that does not works towards justice
, Collaborative planning
- Since 1980
- Planning based on consensus and dialogue
- Citizens are important stakeholders
- Role planner: neutral facilitator, makes connections, looks for consensus.
- Knowledge based on communicative interactions
- Looks for the ‘right’ processes, stakeholders and conditions to come to best solutions
Entrepreneurial planning
- Since 1990
- Planning to facilitate global flow of capital, tourists and better-off inhabitants
- Role citizens: consumer
- Role planner: Public-private partnerships and intercity competition
- De-politicised
- Real estate development
Agonistic planning
- Since 2000
- Re-politicize, includes conflict and protest
- Anti-power
- Open for pretest and alternative futures
- Knowledge re-politicised and includes value
- Change from below
[Insurgent planning]
- Counter-hegemonic
- Transgressive and imaginative
- Grassroots insurgent citizenship for planning
- Decolonisation of planning theory
Spatial justice:
- Redistribution of: wealth, space, access, facilities, health and opportunities
- Decision making: representation, discrimination and domination
___________________________________
The neoliberal context of planning: New state-market relationships - 10 november
Literature: Adams, D. and Tiesdell, S. (2010) Planners as market actors: Rethinking state market
relations in land and property. Planning Theory and Practice, 11(2): 187-207.
( https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14649351003759631 )
Neoliberal context:
- 1970s oil crisis + Changing economy -> State restructuring
- State entrepreneurialism; non-state actors involved in state activities
- State marketing; planners as sales people
- Attracting market; incentives and tax breaks, infrastructure development & PPPs
_______________________________________
2e deel tentamen 11 december 2023
Planners as activists
Chapter 6: Marcuse, P. (2011) The three historic currents of city planning. In Fainstein and DeFilippis
(2016) Readings in Planning Theory (4th ed.).
Lecture 14
Shifting view of planner’s responsibility
Technicist planning Reform planning Social justice planning
Planning needs to provide: - Physical aspects of - Direct confrontation
- Infrastructure space, harmony, beauty with issues of power
- Avoid clashing land and order - Putting the interests of
uses that interfere with - Changes in the urban social justice ahead of
econ. activity environment competing claims on
- Regulate social abuses contributing to general planning oriented
human welfare - Efficiency as primary
- Public participation goal
and democratization. - Decision making from
below.
Synoptic planning:
- Since 1900
- Technocratic, positivist
- Citizens are subject of government planning
- Planner = the expert ‘who knows what's best for society’
- Neutral and objective
- Through master plans en governmental regulations
Incremental planning
- Since 1950 (-+)
- Pragmatic, small steps ‘science of muddling through’
- Role citizen: providing information
- Role planning: Negotiator, mediator
- Pluriform (in many forms)
- Loss of believe in large processes of change
Advocacy planning
- Since 1960
- Planning with communities
- Citizens represented by planners
- Role planner: Activist, works with marginalised communities.
- Equal value of professional and community knowledge
- Protest against planning that does not works towards justice
, Collaborative planning
- Since 1980
- Planning based on consensus and dialogue
- Citizens are important stakeholders
- Role planner: neutral facilitator, makes connections, looks for consensus.
- Knowledge based on communicative interactions
- Looks for the ‘right’ processes, stakeholders and conditions to come to best solutions
Entrepreneurial planning
- Since 1990
- Planning to facilitate global flow of capital, tourists and better-off inhabitants
- Role citizens: consumer
- Role planner: Public-private partnerships and intercity competition
- De-politicised
- Real estate development
Agonistic planning
- Since 2000
- Re-politicize, includes conflict and protest
- Anti-power
- Open for pretest and alternative futures
- Knowledge re-politicised and includes value
- Change from below
[Insurgent planning]
- Counter-hegemonic
- Transgressive and imaginative
- Grassroots insurgent citizenship for planning
- Decolonisation of planning theory
Spatial justice:
- Redistribution of: wealth, space, access, facilities, health and opportunities
- Decision making: representation, discrimination and domination
___________________________________
The neoliberal context of planning: New state-market relationships - 10 november
Literature: Adams, D. and Tiesdell, S. (2010) Planners as market actors: Rethinking state market
relations in land and property. Planning Theory and Practice, 11(2): 187-207.
( https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14649351003759631 )
Neoliberal context:
- 1970s oil crisis + Changing economy -> State restructuring
- State entrepreneurialism; non-state actors involved in state activities
- State marketing; planners as sales people
- Attracting market; incentives and tax breaks, infrastructure development & PPPs
_______________________________________
