Summary WGU C955 Applied Probability and Statistics All Terms and Formulas (2023 / 2024) (Verified)

Summary WGU C955 Applied Probability and Statistics All Terms and Formulas (2023 / 2024) (Verified) Basic probability: #of total come# of total outcome in the sample space 1. P(B | A): conditional probability 2. P(A and B)=P(A) • P(B): multiplication rule- independent events 3. P(A and B)= P(A) • P(B|A): multiplication rule- dependent events 4. P(A or B)= P(A) + P(B): addition rule- Disjoint 5. P(A or B)= P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B): addition rule- non-Disjoint 6. product: The result of multiplying values. 7. factorization: The process of determining the prime factors of a composite number. 8. integer: "A number, (positive, negative, or zero), that can be represented without a fractional or a decimal component." 9. superscript: A symbol (such as a number or letter) written above and imme- diately to the left or right of another character. 10. perfect square: "The product of any integer with itself. . So, a number is a this if it can be written as the square of an integer. For example, 3 * 3 = 9." 11. expression: "A string of terms that are connected by division, addition, and subtraction operations." 12. addition: Finding the total of two or more values. 13. interval: A set of numbers between two specified values. 14. difference: The result of one number being subtracted from another number. 15. multi-step expression: An expression or equation with more than two values and two or more operators that requires multiple steps to be solved. 16. discrete: "A collection of numbers whose values are distinct, separate, and unconnected." 17. negative number: "A number whose value is less than zero. On the number line, they are to the left of zero." 18. division: Splitting values into equal parts or groups. 19. estimation: Approximating a value for a calculation 20. radical sign: The symbol which indicates to take the square root of the number that follows. 21. numbers: A word or symbol (such as 'five' or '16') that represents a specific amount or quantity. 22. exponents: "Sometimes called a power, it is a quantity that represents repeat- ed multiplication." 23. parentheses: "In mathematics, these () are used to separate operations within an expression. Any operations that lie within parentheses should be performed first." 24. real number: "Any numbers on the number line. They include zero, negative and positive integers, fractions, and decimals." 25. sum: The result of multiple numbers being added together. 26. square root: A number that produces a specified number when it is multiplied by itself. 27. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: A concept which states that any inte- ger greater than 1 is either prime or is the product of a unique set of prime numbers. 28. prime number: A number with only two factors: one and itself. 29. operator: A word or symbol (such as + or -) that indicates an operation between values. 30. principal square root: "The positive square root of a number. For example, the principal square root of 36 is 6." 31. whole number: A number whose value is 0 or greater (negative numbers are not considered this), and can be represented without a fractional or a decimal component. 32. positive number: "A number whose value is greater than zero. On the number line, these numbers are to the right of zero." 33. additive inverse: "Two numbers equidistant from 0 on a number line whose sum is 0. For example, 3 and -3 34. commutative: The property that the order of the numbers under the operation does not change the result. Addition and multiplication are this: a + b = b + a and ab = ba. 35. multiplicative inverse: "opposite of a number x is the number you must multiply x by to get 1. For example, 5 and 1/5 are this." 36. negative square root: "The negative compliment of a perfect square. For example, -6 is the this of 36." 37. operation: "In mathematics, this is a procedure which generates a new value from one or more operands, or mathematical values." 38. identity property: "The property that 0 can be added to any number without changing the value of the number. Likewise, 1 can be multiplied by any number without changing the value of that number." 39. rational number: "This type of number is a number that can be written as a ratio of integers, which means it can be written as a fraction." 40. order of operations: A set of rules that defines the order in which mathemat- ical operations should be performed 41. associative property: "This property holds that under certain operations in a multi-step expression, the computations may be done in any order. Commonly represented as (a + b) + c = a + (b + c). Addition and multiplication follow this property" 42. prime factorization: Determining the set of prime numbers whose product is the original integer. 43. continuous: A collection of numbers whose values are not dividable into distinct units. 44. composite number: A number with more factors than just one and itself. 45. multiplication: "In mathematics, this is the act of adding the same number multiple times. It is often denoted by the dot sign, ·." 46. base number: "The number multiplied by itself when paired with an exponent. For example, in 8 to the third power, 8 would be this number." 47. radicand: The number within the radical sign whose square root is to be taken. 48. factor tree: A graphical method used to identify the prime factorization of an integer. 49. subtraction: Taking one or more values away from another. 50. set: In mathematics: a collection of numbers. 51. factor: "An integer that divides another integer. We say an integer, x, is a this of another integer, y, if the quotient y/x is also equal to an integer." 52. quotient: The result of a division expression. 53. greatest common factor (GCF): This is, of any two integers a and b, the greatest number that is both a factor of a and a factor of b. 54. cross products: The results produced from cross multiplication. 55. equivalent fractions: Different fractions that represent the same value. 56. multiple: "An integer that is that integer multiplied by another integer. For example, 28 is a this of 7 because 28 = 7*4." 57. numerator: "The number that is written before the slash, or above the fraction bar, in a fraction." 58. ratio: Measures one quantity in relation to another quantity. 59. reciprocal: "This is that number which, when multiplied by the original number, equals 1. It is the same as the multiplicative inverse." 60. proportion: A true statement in which two ratios are equal to each other. 61. unit multiplier: "A fraction that contains two equivalent quantities but in two different units, used in order to convert units." 62. fractions: The representation of a number as a division of one integer by another through the use of a slash or division bar. 63. percent proportion: Proportion that is equivalent to the given ratio but has a denominator of 100. So such proportion of 3/5 is 60/100. 64. rounding: A method of estimating in order to make working with a number easier. 65. butterfly method: Cross-multiplication method used to determine whether two fractions are equal. The numerator of one fraction is multiplied by the denominator of the opposite fraction on both sides. 66. unit cancellation: "The act of a unit being crossed out when the unit is in a numerator, and the same unit is in the denominator of a fraction or a product of fractions." 67. unit conversion: A method used to change between measurement systems. 68. place value: Describes what part of the whole the decimal represents. 69. repeating decimal: "A decimal number that has either a digit, or sequence of digits, that continue forever. A bar is written over the top of the part of the decimal that repeats." 70. rate: A ratio that compares two quantities having different units of measure. 71. percent sign: A symbol used to denote percentages. 72. percentages: "Like fractions, they denote something that is not necessarily whole, but rather could be a part of a whole number. 100% represents the number one." 73. terminal decimal: A decimal number that has a finite number of digits.