BIOS 242 Exam 2 Questions And Answers

BIOS 242 Exam 2 Questions And Answers organic - ANS heterotrophs are? heterotroph - ANS •An organism that must obtain its carbon in organic form •Dependent on eating other life forms inorganic - ANS autotrophs are? autotroph - ANS •"Self-feeder" (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) •Uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source; builds organiccompounds from the CO2 phototroph - ANS an organism that gets its energy from sunlight chemotrophs - ANS Organisms that get energy from chemical compounds Photoautotrophs - ANS Capture energy from light and transform it into chemical energy that can be used for cell metabolism Chemoautotroph - ANS •Use inorganic or organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds as a carbon source saprobes - ANS organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter Parasites - ANS An organism that lives in or on another organism, deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing it Macronutrients - ANS nutrients that provide calories and energy, they are required in large amounts. Carbs, fats and proteins Micronutrients - ANS vitamins and minerals. vital to healthy development and disease prevention vitamins - ANS coenzymes and cofactors for optimal enzyme function passive transport - ANS the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell osmosis - ANS Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane facilated diffusion - ANS Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels active transport - ANS Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference isotonic solution - ANS A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell hypertonic solution - ANS A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell hypotonic solution - ANS A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell cardinal temperatures - ANS the minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures at which an organism grows max growth temp - ANS highest temp at which growth is possible mini growth temp - ANS lowest temp at which growth is possible psychrophiles - ANS Cold-loving Microbes. 0-20 degrees C. optimum growth temp is 15 degrees. Found in arctic, antarctic, and ocean depths thermophiles - ANS Heat-loving microbes. general growth range 45 c to 80 c