Advanced
0HM150 Cognitive
Engineering
SUMMARY OF THE READI NG MATERIAL
Table of Contents
Week 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? ................................................................................................ 5
Clark, A. (2003) Introduction from Natural-Born Cyborgs. Minds, Technologies, and the Future of Human
Intelligence .................................................................................................................................................. 6
The Naked Cyborg ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Wired ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Sparrow, B. et al (2011) Google Effects on Memory..................................................................................... 7
Experiment 1 .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Experiment 2 .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Experiment 3 .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Experiment 4 .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Tucker, P. (2014) Introduction from The Naked Future, What happens in a world that anticipates your
every move? ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Big Data ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9
The Future App................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Weiser, M. (1991) The Computer for the 21st Century ............................................................................... 10
Week 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Ijsselsteijn, W.A. (2003) Presence in the past: What can we learn from media history? ............................ 12
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.2 The quest for perceptual realism ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.3 Moving images: early cinema ................................................................................................................................... 12
2.4 The cinema of the 1950s .......................................................................................................................................... 13
2.5 Television ................................................................................................................................................................. 15
2.6 Interactivity and user control ................................................................................................................................... 16
2.7 Teleoperation ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.8 Virtual Environments................................................................................................................................................ 16
2.9 What can we learn from media history? .................................................................................................................. 17
0HM150 Week 1 Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? 1
, Fox, J. et al (2009) Virtual Reality ............................................................................................................... 18
What Is a Virtual Environment? ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Why is VR of Interest to Social Scientists? ..................................................................................................................... 18
Hardware Setups ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
Inside the Virtual Environment ...................................................................................................................................... 19
VEs in Social Science ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
Virtual Environments as Objects of Social Scientific Study ............................................................................................ 19
Applications of Virtual Environments ............................................................................................................................. 20
VEs as a Method to Study Social Scientific Phenomena ................................................................................................. 20
A Content Analysis of Social Scientific Research on VEs................................................................................................. 21
Future Directions: Where Can Social Scientists Go from Here? ..................................................................................... 21
Week 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Ishii, H. (2008) Tangible Bits: Beyond Pixels ............................................................................................... 22
To Make Bits Tangible .................................................................................................................................................... 22
Basic Model of TUI ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
Key Properties of TUI ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
Genres of TUI Applications ............................................................................................................................................. 23
Contribution of TUI ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Jacob, R.J.K. et al. (2008) Reality-Based Interaction: A Framework for Post-WIMP Interfaces ................... 24
Reality-Based Interaction ............................................................................................................................................... 24
Implications for Design................................................................................................................................................... 25
Norman, D.A. (2010) Natural User Interfaces are not Natural ................................................................... 25
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Week 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Haans, A., & Ijsselsteijn, W.A. (2012) Embodiment and telepresence: Toward a comprehensive theoretical
framework ................................................................................................................................................. 27
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 27
2. Embodiment and Telepresence ................................................................................................................................. 27
3. Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Week 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Fairclough, S.H. (2008) Fundamentals of Physiological Computing ............................................................ 30
2. Fundamental Issues .................................................................................................................................................... 30
3. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Janssen, J.H. et al. (2013) Machines Outperform Laypersons in Recognizing Emotions Elicited by
Autobiographical Recollection ................................................................................................................... 33
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 33
2. Background ................................................................................................................................................................ 33
3. Data Gathering ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
4. Human Benchmark ..................................................................................................................................................... 34
0HM150 Week 1 Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? 2
, 5. Machine Emotion Recognition ................................................................................................................................... 34
6. General Discussion ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Week 6 ..................................................................................................................................... 36
Dash, A. (2018). 12 Things Everyone Should Understand About Tech ........................................................ 36
1. Tech is not neutral ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
2. Tech is not inevitable ................................................................................................................................................. 36
3. Most people in tech sincerely want to do good ......................................................................................................... 36
4. Tech history is poorly documented and poorly understood ...................................................................................... 36
5. Most tech education doesn’t include ethical training ................................................................................................ 36
6. Tech is often built with surprising ignorance about its users ..................................................................................... 36
7. There is never just one single genius creator of technology ...................................................................................... 36
8. Most tech isn’t from start-ups or by start-ups ........................................................................................................... 37
9. Most big tech companies make money in just one of three ways ............................................................................. 37
10. The economic model of big companies skews all of tech ........................................................................................ 37
11. The creation of tech is prone to trends .................................................................................................................... 37
12. No institution has the power to rein in tech’s abuses .............................................................................................. 37
If we understand these things, we can change tech for the better ............................................................................... 38
Friedman, B., Kahn, P.H., Borning, A., & Huldtgren, A. (2013). Value Sensitive Design and Information
Systems ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 38
2. What is Value Sensitive Design? ................................................................................................................................. 38
3. The Tripartite Methodology: Conceptual, Empirical, and Technical Investigations ................................................... 39
4. Value Sensitive Design in Practice: Three Case Studies .............................................................................................. 39
5. Value Sensitive Design’s Constellation of Features .................................................................................................... 39
6. Practical Suggestions for Using Value Sensitive Design .............................................................................................. 39
7. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 40
Required Readings Week 7; Debate 1 ..................................................................................... 41
Michael, M.G., Fusco, S.J., & Michael, K. (2008). A Research Note on Ethics in the Emerging Age of
Überveillance ............................................................................................................................................ 41
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 41
2. Background ................................................................................................................................................................ 41
3. Qualitative Content Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 41
4. Findings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 42
5. The Emerging Age of Überveillance ........................................................................................................................... 43
6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Wigan, M.R., & Clarke, R. (2013). Big Data’s Big Unintended Consequences ............................................. 43
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
2. The Political Economy of Big Data .............................................................................................................................. 44
3. Big Data Contexts ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
0HM150 Week 1 Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? 3
, 4. Data Ownership, Data Control, Data Rights ............................................................................................................... 44
5. The Unintended Consequences ................................................................................................................................. 45
6. The Private Data Commons ........................................................................................................................................ 45
7. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................................ 45
0HM150 Week 1 Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? 4
0HM150 Cognitive
Engineering
SUMMARY OF THE READI NG MATERIAL
Table of Contents
Week 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? ................................................................................................ 5
Clark, A. (2003) Introduction from Natural-Born Cyborgs. Minds, Technologies, and the Future of Human
Intelligence .................................................................................................................................................. 6
The Naked Cyborg ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Wired ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Sparrow, B. et al (2011) Google Effects on Memory..................................................................................... 7
Experiment 1 .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Experiment 2 .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Experiment 3 .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Experiment 4 .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Tucker, P. (2014) Introduction from The Naked Future, What happens in a world that anticipates your
every move? ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Big Data ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9
The Future App................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Weiser, M. (1991) The Computer for the 21st Century ............................................................................... 10
Week 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Ijsselsteijn, W.A. (2003) Presence in the past: What can we learn from media history? ............................ 12
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.2 The quest for perceptual realism ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.3 Moving images: early cinema ................................................................................................................................... 12
2.4 The cinema of the 1950s .......................................................................................................................................... 13
2.5 Television ................................................................................................................................................................. 15
2.6 Interactivity and user control ................................................................................................................................... 16
2.7 Teleoperation ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.8 Virtual Environments................................................................................................................................................ 16
2.9 What can we learn from media history? .................................................................................................................. 17
0HM150 Week 1 Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? 1
, Fox, J. et al (2009) Virtual Reality ............................................................................................................... 18
What Is a Virtual Environment? ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Why is VR of Interest to Social Scientists? ..................................................................................................................... 18
Hardware Setups ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
Inside the Virtual Environment ...................................................................................................................................... 19
VEs in Social Science ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
Virtual Environments as Objects of Social Scientific Study ............................................................................................ 19
Applications of Virtual Environments ............................................................................................................................. 20
VEs as a Method to Study Social Scientific Phenomena ................................................................................................. 20
A Content Analysis of Social Scientific Research on VEs................................................................................................. 21
Future Directions: Where Can Social Scientists Go from Here? ..................................................................................... 21
Week 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Ishii, H. (2008) Tangible Bits: Beyond Pixels ............................................................................................... 22
To Make Bits Tangible .................................................................................................................................................... 22
Basic Model of TUI ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
Key Properties of TUI ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
Genres of TUI Applications ............................................................................................................................................. 23
Contribution of TUI ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Jacob, R.J.K. et al. (2008) Reality-Based Interaction: A Framework for Post-WIMP Interfaces ................... 24
Reality-Based Interaction ............................................................................................................................................... 24
Implications for Design................................................................................................................................................... 25
Norman, D.A. (2010) Natural User Interfaces are not Natural ................................................................... 25
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Week 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Haans, A., & Ijsselsteijn, W.A. (2012) Embodiment and telepresence: Toward a comprehensive theoretical
framework ................................................................................................................................................. 27
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 27
2. Embodiment and Telepresence ................................................................................................................................. 27
3. Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Week 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Fairclough, S.H. (2008) Fundamentals of Physiological Computing ............................................................ 30
2. Fundamental Issues .................................................................................................................................................... 30
3. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Janssen, J.H. et al. (2013) Machines Outperform Laypersons in Recognizing Emotions Elicited by
Autobiographical Recollection ................................................................................................................... 33
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 33
2. Background ................................................................................................................................................................ 33
3. Data Gathering ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
4. Human Benchmark ..................................................................................................................................................... 34
0HM150 Week 1 Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? 2
, 5. Machine Emotion Recognition ................................................................................................................................... 34
6. General Discussion ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Week 6 ..................................................................................................................................... 36
Dash, A. (2018). 12 Things Everyone Should Understand About Tech ........................................................ 36
1. Tech is not neutral ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
2. Tech is not inevitable ................................................................................................................................................. 36
3. Most people in tech sincerely want to do good ......................................................................................................... 36
4. Tech history is poorly documented and poorly understood ...................................................................................... 36
5. Most tech education doesn’t include ethical training ................................................................................................ 36
6. Tech is often built with surprising ignorance about its users ..................................................................................... 36
7. There is never just one single genius creator of technology ...................................................................................... 36
8. Most tech isn’t from start-ups or by start-ups ........................................................................................................... 37
9. Most big tech companies make money in just one of three ways ............................................................................. 37
10. The economic model of big companies skews all of tech ........................................................................................ 37
11. The creation of tech is prone to trends .................................................................................................................... 37
12. No institution has the power to rein in tech’s abuses .............................................................................................. 37
If we understand these things, we can change tech for the better ............................................................................... 38
Friedman, B., Kahn, P.H., Borning, A., & Huldtgren, A. (2013). Value Sensitive Design and Information
Systems ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 38
2. What is Value Sensitive Design? ................................................................................................................................. 38
3. The Tripartite Methodology: Conceptual, Empirical, and Technical Investigations ................................................... 39
4. Value Sensitive Design in Practice: Three Case Studies .............................................................................................. 39
5. Value Sensitive Design’s Constellation of Features .................................................................................................... 39
6. Practical Suggestions for Using Value Sensitive Design .............................................................................................. 39
7. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 40
Required Readings Week 7; Debate 1 ..................................................................................... 41
Michael, M.G., Fusco, S.J., & Michael, K. (2008). A Research Note on Ethics in the Emerging Age of
Überveillance ............................................................................................................................................ 41
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 41
2. Background ................................................................................................................................................................ 41
3. Qualitative Content Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 41
4. Findings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 42
5. The Emerging Age of Überveillance ........................................................................................................................... 43
6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Wigan, M.R., & Clarke, R. (2013). Big Data’s Big Unintended Consequences ............................................. 43
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
2. The Political Economy of Big Data .............................................................................................................................. 44
3. Big Data Contexts ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
0HM150 Week 1 Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? 3
, 4. Data Ownership, Data Control, Data Rights ............................................................................................................... 44
5. The Unintended Consequences ................................................................................................................................. 45
6. The Private Data Commons ........................................................................................................................................ 45
7. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................................ 45
0HM150 Week 1 Carr, N. (2008) Is Google Making Us Stupid? 4
