Chapter 21, New Worlds, The Americas and Oceania.
The Spanish Caribbean.
Tainos, the frst interacton between European and American societes.
Spanish arrival
Columbus and his conquistadores made Hispaniola (Hait) the Spanish base of operatons in the
Caribbean. Spanish became aware that there were no silks and other goods in the Caribbean, so the
Spanish had to make a living themselves. First of with goldmining.
Because the Spanish were with litle, they had to hire labour from the Tainos.
Encomenderos: Spanish setlers.
Encomienda: insttuton to get Tainos people to work in the mines.
Smallpox
European sicknesses killed very lot of peoples in the Caribbean, the Tainos died, Spanish had to
kidnap new labourers, but they died as well.
The conquest of Mexico and Peru
Hernan Cortez took down the Aztec empire in Mexico
Francisco Pizzaro took down the Inca empire in Peru.
Cortez,
Cortez let 450 man to Tenochttlan, Aztec forces drove the Spanish back from the Capital. Cortez
build a small feet of Ships and laid siege to the Aztec capital. In 1521 he starved the city to
surrender.
Advantages:
- Spanish weapons and horses
- Divisions of indigenous peoples.
- Logistc support and secure bases in allied natves.
Pizarro,
Set out with 180 man (later 600) to conquer the Inca’s, afer taking the capital they made the excuse
of an conference, they called the Inca ruling elites to the capital, seized them, and killed them. They
held spare the Inca ruler Atahualpa untl he delivered a tribute of gold, strangled him, and
decapitated him.
Advantages:
- Natve divisions from Inca enemies
- Smallpox killed already half the empire
- Weapons and horses.
Spanish administraton:
Two centre of authority in the Americas, New Mexico and Peru, New Spain and New Castle.
It was ruled by a viceroy who was only responsible to the king in Spain.
The viceroy had absolute power in the Americas, so the Spanish throne made a court of Audiencias
to hear appeals against the viceroys power and address their concerns directly to the crown in Spain.
Portuguese brazil.
Treaty of Tordesillas, divided the world along an imaginary north south line. Spain would claim any
non Cristan lands west of that line, Portugal all on the east. Brazil was frst not on Portugal’s wish
list. But when some Portuguese sugar plantatons became proftable, the Portuguese were
interested.
The Spanish Caribbean.
Tainos, the frst interacton between European and American societes.
Spanish arrival
Columbus and his conquistadores made Hispaniola (Hait) the Spanish base of operatons in the
Caribbean. Spanish became aware that there were no silks and other goods in the Caribbean, so the
Spanish had to make a living themselves. First of with goldmining.
Because the Spanish were with litle, they had to hire labour from the Tainos.
Encomenderos: Spanish setlers.
Encomienda: insttuton to get Tainos people to work in the mines.
Smallpox
European sicknesses killed very lot of peoples in the Caribbean, the Tainos died, Spanish had to
kidnap new labourers, but they died as well.
The conquest of Mexico and Peru
Hernan Cortez took down the Aztec empire in Mexico
Francisco Pizzaro took down the Inca empire in Peru.
Cortez,
Cortez let 450 man to Tenochttlan, Aztec forces drove the Spanish back from the Capital. Cortez
build a small feet of Ships and laid siege to the Aztec capital. In 1521 he starved the city to
surrender.
Advantages:
- Spanish weapons and horses
- Divisions of indigenous peoples.
- Logistc support and secure bases in allied natves.
Pizarro,
Set out with 180 man (later 600) to conquer the Inca’s, afer taking the capital they made the excuse
of an conference, they called the Inca ruling elites to the capital, seized them, and killed them. They
held spare the Inca ruler Atahualpa untl he delivered a tribute of gold, strangled him, and
decapitated him.
Advantages:
- Natve divisions from Inca enemies
- Smallpox killed already half the empire
- Weapons and horses.
Spanish administraton:
Two centre of authority in the Americas, New Mexico and Peru, New Spain and New Castle.
It was ruled by a viceroy who was only responsible to the king in Spain.
The viceroy had absolute power in the Americas, so the Spanish throne made a court of Audiencias
to hear appeals against the viceroys power and address their concerns directly to the crown in Spain.
Portuguese brazil.
Treaty of Tordesillas, divided the world along an imaginary north south line. Spain would claim any
non Cristan lands west of that line, Portugal all on the east. Brazil was frst not on Portugal’s wish
list. But when some Portuguese sugar plantatons became proftable, the Portuguese were
interested.
