BIO220
Term Test 1 Review
Lec 1
DNA. Autosomes: low recombinaton = the whole chromosome evolves all in the same way because
simply inherited. High recombinaton = adjacent sectons of chromosomes have separate fates and can
be evolved and inherited independently and fractonally contributed by male or female parent.
ELEPHANT MATING example: males kicked out of group. How do we know they don’t incest when they
come back?
Null Hypothesis (true) : inbreeding depression is severe so males have inbreeding avoidance.
Alternatve hypothesis: inbreeding depression is weak so they just fuck, or male’s reproductve success
game is weak so they just fuck.
Use genetc markers to fnd out the truth. Follow the dad elephant and collect its poo for DNA with
genetc markers. Then you fnd out if the child is born through incest.
Null hypothesis is true according to 4 bar graphs.
Although, we don’t know if this might be due to female selectve behavior
CANADA WOLF MIGRATION example: some wolf populatons migrate seasonally. Is there gene fow
between migrant and resident wolves? If not, is there any diferences between the wolves?
Genotyped the wolves with microsatellite detectors. Boreal and tundra wolves.
FST measurement = 1 (diferent genes), the two populatons don’t share any alleles/ no gene fow
= 0 (similar genes), no diferentaton between them therefore a lot of gene fow.
What was found was 0.28 on the mhitochondrial genomes (only maternaly inherited). Closer to 0 for Y
chromosomes and autosomes in comparison of 2 wolf populatons.
Northern Wolves migrate south in winter cause of caribou huntng. Southern wolves adapted to stay
and hunt other shit.
, Matng occurs in feburary when all wolves in south. Birth occurs in summer when north wolves in north,
south wolves in south.
mtDNA (maternal) stays in place with their mothers locaton. Y chromosome (paternal) DNA = all sons
get the male wolves y chromosome. Half of their autosomes (biparental) from the father wolf.
More gene fow at autosomes and y chromosomes. None for mtDNA
Therefore wolves diferentated only at mtDNA genome
Lec 1.5
Contnuaton from lec 1.
Human marriage: partrilocality = females moves to locaton of guy. Matrilocality = males move to
locaton of girl.
Higher level of female migraton overall in humans
cause this 1 graph study. mtDNA have fewer genetc
diferences between populatons. Look at genetc
markers to fnd this trend
Lec 2
Lactose intolerance on adults. Why can we digest lactose now?
2 predictons: correlaton is causaton (dairy agriculture causing us to evolve to have the gene). Or
natural selecton (selecton on people with the gene).
Correlaton by causaton: same mutatons in the lactase gene (persistence) seen.
Term Test 1 Review
Lec 1
DNA. Autosomes: low recombinaton = the whole chromosome evolves all in the same way because
simply inherited. High recombinaton = adjacent sectons of chromosomes have separate fates and can
be evolved and inherited independently and fractonally contributed by male or female parent.
ELEPHANT MATING example: males kicked out of group. How do we know they don’t incest when they
come back?
Null Hypothesis (true) : inbreeding depression is severe so males have inbreeding avoidance.
Alternatve hypothesis: inbreeding depression is weak so they just fuck, or male’s reproductve success
game is weak so they just fuck.
Use genetc markers to fnd out the truth. Follow the dad elephant and collect its poo for DNA with
genetc markers. Then you fnd out if the child is born through incest.
Null hypothesis is true according to 4 bar graphs.
Although, we don’t know if this might be due to female selectve behavior
CANADA WOLF MIGRATION example: some wolf populatons migrate seasonally. Is there gene fow
between migrant and resident wolves? If not, is there any diferences between the wolves?
Genotyped the wolves with microsatellite detectors. Boreal and tundra wolves.
FST measurement = 1 (diferent genes), the two populatons don’t share any alleles/ no gene fow
= 0 (similar genes), no diferentaton between them therefore a lot of gene fow.
What was found was 0.28 on the mhitochondrial genomes (only maternaly inherited). Closer to 0 for Y
chromosomes and autosomes in comparison of 2 wolf populatons.
Northern Wolves migrate south in winter cause of caribou huntng. Southern wolves adapted to stay
and hunt other shit.
, Matng occurs in feburary when all wolves in south. Birth occurs in summer when north wolves in north,
south wolves in south.
mtDNA (maternal) stays in place with their mothers locaton. Y chromosome (paternal) DNA = all sons
get the male wolves y chromosome. Half of their autosomes (biparental) from the father wolf.
More gene fow at autosomes and y chromosomes. None for mtDNA
Therefore wolves diferentated only at mtDNA genome
Lec 1.5
Contnuaton from lec 1.
Human marriage: partrilocality = females moves to locaton of guy. Matrilocality = males move to
locaton of girl.
Higher level of female migraton overall in humans
cause this 1 graph study. mtDNA have fewer genetc
diferences between populatons. Look at genetc
markers to fnd this trend
Lec 2
Lactose intolerance on adults. Why can we digest lactose now?
2 predictons: correlaton is causaton (dairy agriculture causing us to evolve to have the gene). Or
natural selecton (selecton on people with the gene).
Correlaton by causaton: same mutatons in the lactase gene (persistence) seen.
