NSG 6005 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL QUIZLET

NSG 6005 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL QUIZLET An ACE inhibitor and what other class of drug may reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetes better than either drug alone? A. Beta blockers B. Diuretics C. Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers D. Angiotensin II receptor blockers C. Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers Adam has type I diabetes and plays tennis for his university. He exhibits knowledge deficit about his insulin and his diagnosis. He should be taught that: A. He should increase his increase his carbohydrate intake during times of exercise intake during times of exercise. B. Each brand of insulin is equal in bioavailability, so buy the least expensive. C. Alcohol produces hypoglycemia and can help control his diabetes when taken in small amounts. D. If he does not want to learn to give himself injections, he may substitute an oral hypoglycemic to control his diabetes. A. He should increase his increase his carbohydrate intake during times of exercise intake during times of exercise. Age is a factor in different responses to pain. Which of the following age-related statements about pain is not true? A. Preterm and newborn infants do not yet have functional pain pathways. B. Painful experiences and prolonged exposure to analgesic drugs during pregnancy may permanently alter neuronal organization in the child. C. Increases in pain threshold in older adults may be related to peripheral neuropathies and changes in skin thickness. D. Decreases in pain tolerance are evident in older adults. A. Preterm and newborn infants do not yet have functional pain pathways. Alterations in drug metabolism among Asians may lead to: A. Slower metabolism of antidepressants, requiring lower doses B. Faster metabolism of neuroleptics, requiring higher doses C. Altered metabolism of omeprazole, requiring higher doses D. Slower metabolism of alcohol, requiring higher doses A. Slower metabolism of antidepressants, requiring lower doses Amiodarone has been prescribed in a patient with a supraventricular dysrhythmia. Patient teaching should include all of the following except: A. Notify your healthcare provider immediately if you have visual change. B. Monitor your own blood pressure and pulse daily. C. Take a hot shower or bath if you feel dizzy. D. Use a sunscreen on exposed body surfaces. C. Take a hot shower or bath if you feel dizzy. Anticholinergic agents, such as benztropine (Cogentin), may be given with a phenothiazine to: A. Reduce the chance of tardive dyskinesia. B. Potentiate the effects of the drug. C. Reduce the tolerance that tends to occur. D. Increase CNS depression. A. Reduce the chance of tardive dyskinesia. An appropriate drug for the treatment of depression with anxiety would be: A. Alprazolam (Xanax) B. Escitalopram (Lexapro) C. Buspirone (Buspar) D. Amitriptyline (Elavil) B. Escitalopram (Lexapro) Cara is taking levetiracetam (Keppra) to treat seizures. Routine education for levetiracetam includes reminding her: A. To not abruptly discontinue levetiracetam due to the risk of withdrawal seizures B. To wear a sunscreen due to photosensitivity from levetiracetam C. To get an annual eye exam while on levetiracetam D. To report weight loss if it occurs A. To not abruptly discontinue levetiracetam due to the risk of withdrawal seizure Cecilia presents with depression associated with complaints of fatigue, sleeping all the time, and lack of motivation. An appropriate initial antidepressant for her would be: A. Fluoxetine (Prozac) B. Paroxetine (Paxil) C. Amitriptyline (Elavil) D. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) D. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Chemical dependency assessment is integral to the initial assessment of chronic pain. Which of the following raises a "red flag" about potential chemical dependency? A. Use of more than one drug to treat the pain B. Multiple times when prescriptions are lost with requests to refill C. Preferences for treatments that include alternative medicines D. Presence of a family member who has abused drugs B. Multiple times when prescriptions are lost with requests to refill Common mistakes practitioners make in treating anxiety disorders include: A. Switching medications after an eight-week trial to a twelve-week trial B. Maximizing dosing of antianxiety medications C. Encouraging exercise and relaxation therapy before starting medication D. Thinking a partial response to medication is acceptable D. Thinking a partial response to medication is acceptable David presents to clinic with symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. He is prescribed cromolyn sodium (Opticrom) eyedrops. The education regarding using cromolyn eyedrops includes which one of the following tips? A. He should not wear his soft contacts while using the cromolyn eyedrops. B. Cromolyn drops are instilled once a day to prevent allergy symptoms. C. Long-term use of the eyedrop may cause glaucoma. D. He may experience bradycardia as an adverse effect. A. He should not wear his soft contacts while using the cromolyn eyedrops. The DEA: A. Registers manufacturers and prescribes controlled substances B. Regulates NP prescribing at the state level C. Sanctions providers who prescribe drugs off-label D. Provides prescribers with a number they can use for insurance billing A. Registers manufacturers and prescribes controlled substances Diagnostic criteria for diabetes include: A. Fasting blood glucose greater than 140 mg/dl on two occasions B. Postprandial blood glucose greater than 140 mg/dl C. Fasting blood glucose 100 to 125 mg/dl on two occasions D. Symptoms of diabetes plus a casual blood glucose greater than 200 mg/dl D. Symptoms of diabetes plus a casual blood glucose greater than 200 mg/dl Disease states in addition to hypertension in which beta blockade is a compelling indication for the use of beta blockers include: A. Heart failure B. Angina C. MI D. Dyslipidemia C. MI The drug of choice for type II diabetics is metformin. Metformin: A. Decreases glycogenolysis by the liver B. Increases the release of insulin from beta cells C. Increases intestinal uptake of glucose D. Prevents weight gain associated with hyperglycemia A. Decreases glycogenolysis by the liver The drug recommended as primary prevention of osteoporosis in men over seventy years is: A. Alendronate (Fosamax) B. Ibandronate (Boniva) C. Calcium carbonate D. Raloxifene (Evista) A. Alendronate (Fosamax) The drug recommended as primary prevention of osteoporosis in women over seventy years old is: A. Alendronate (Fosamax) B. Ibandronate (Boniva) C. Calcium carbonate D. Raloxifene (Evista) A. Alendronate (Fosamax) The drugs recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics for use in children with diabetes (depending upon type of diabetes) are: A. Metformin and insulin B. Sulfonylureas and insulin glargine C. Split-mixed dose insulin and GLP-1 agonists D. Biguanides and insulin lispro A. Metformin and insulin Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect: A. Must be given by the enteral (oral) route only B. Bypass the hepatic circulation C. Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action D. Are converted by the liver to more active and fat-soluble forms C. Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action Dwayne has classic tinea capitis. Treatment for tinea on the scalp is: A. Rubbing in miconazole cream well for four weeks B. Intake of oral griseofulvin for six to eight weeks C. Shampooing with ketoconazole shampoo daily for six weeks D. Using ciclopirox cream daily for four weeks B. Intake of oral griseofulvin for six to eight weeks Dwayne was recently started on carbamazepine to treat seizures. He comes to see you, and you note that while his carbamazepine levels had been in the therapeutic range, they are now low. The possible cause for the low carbamazepine levels is: A. Dwayne hasn't been taking his carbamazepine because it causes insomnia. B. Carbamazepine auto-induces metabolism, leading to lower levels in spite of good compliance. C. Dwayne was not originally prescribed the correct amount of carbamazepine. D. Carbamazepine is probably not the right antiseizure medication for Dwayne. B. Carbamazepine auto-induces metabolism, leading to lower levels in spite of good compliance. Erik presents with a golden-crusted lesion at the site of an insect bite consistent with impetigo. His parents have limited finances and request the least expensive treatment. Which medication would be the best choice for treatment? A. Mupirocin (Bactroban) B. Bacitracin and polymixin B (generic double antibiotic ointment) C. Retapamulin (Altabax) D. Oral cephalexin (Keflex) B. Bacitracin and polymixin B (generic double antibiotic ointment) First-line therapy for hyperlipidemia is: A. Statins B. Niacin C. Lifestyle changes D. Bile acid-binding resins C. Lifestyle changes First-line therapy for treating topical fungal infections such as tinea corporis (ringworm) or tinea pedis (athlete's foot) would be: A. OTC topical azole (clotrimazole, miconazole) B. Oral terbinafine C. Oral griseofulvin microsize D. Nystatin cream or ointment A. OTC topical azole (clotrimazole, miconazole) Furosemide is added to a treatment regimen for heart failure, which includes digoxin. Monitoring for this combination includes: A. Hemoglobin B. Serum potassium C. Blood urea nitrogen D. Serum glucose B. Serum potassium Genetic polymorphisms account for differences in metabolism, including: A. Poor metabolizers (PMs) that lack a working enzyme B. Intermediate metabolizers (IMs) that have one working, wild-type allele and one mutant allele C. Extensive metabolizers (EMs), with two normally functioning alleles D. All of the above D. All of the above Genetic testing for VCORC1 mutation to assess potential warfarin resistance is required prior to prescribing warfarin. A. True B. False B. False Goals of treatment when treating hypothyroidism with thyroid replacement include: A. Normal TSH and free T4 levels B. Resolution of fatigue C. Weight loss to baseline D. All of the above D. All of the above