introduction to healthcare final exam Questions And Answers Graded A+!!!

introduction to healthcare final exam Diseases of infections that are naturally transmittable from vertebrate animals to human is defined as.... -Zieve -Zellwger -Zoonoses -Zoster - ANS zoonoses It is widely believed that technological innovation in medical sciences will continue to revolutionize healthcare. How do majority of Americans feel about ongoing innovation, availability, and use of new technology. -Don't care -Strongly favor -Feel uninformed -Strongly oppose - ANS strongly favor Which of the following will continue to most significantly impact the future of wellness, prevention, health promotion, and the burden associated with financing and delivery of health care? -Politics -Location -Personal lifestyle -Age - ANS personal lifestyle The elderly, vulnerable populations, and people with certain high-costs health conditions all present which types of needs? -Varying needs -The same needs -Less complex needs -Low level needs - ANS varying needs What were the main beneficiaries of the ACA? -Those who already had health insurance -Those who are employed by big businesses -Those over the age of 26 -Those who obtained Medicaid coverage - ANS those who obtained medicaid coverage What is likely to be the biggest obstacle to the delivery of cost-efficient care? -The public's attitude -Rationing of services by the government -Government mandates for the delivery of certain types of care -The inadequacy of comparative effectiveness research - ANS the publics attitude Evidence-based medicine proposes to incorporate what into medicare care delivery? -Clinical review -Experimentation -Clinical trials -Best practices - ANS best practices What has been identified as one of the main reasons for the shortage of physicians who are trained in geriatrics? -Shortage of faculty in college and universities -Lack of demand -Lack of interest -Lack of government initiatives - ANS shortage of faculty in college and universities Patient activation is the lowest among which of the following people? -Those enrolled in a medical home -Those enrolled in Medicaid -Those insured by managed care plans -Those enrolled in Medicare - ANS those enrolled in medicaid Geographic information systems will increasingly find applications in: -Health delivery institutions -Comparative effectiveness research -Public health -Community based long term care - ANS public health True or False: Currently, the states role in health policy is limited mostly to basic public health functions. - ANS false True or False: Historically, presidents have not had a substantial impact on national health policy - ANS false True or False: Government spending for health care in the US has been largely confined to filling the gaps left by the private sector. - ANS true Congress has 3 important powers that make it extremely influential in the health policy process. Which of the following is not one of those powers? -Power to allocate resources -Power to tax -Power to enact laws -Power to the people - ANS power to the people Which group is identified as the most effective "demanders" of policies? -Well-organized interest groups -Providers -President -Congress - ANS well-organized interest groups Health policies may be used as allocative or regulatory tools. The funding of medical research through the National Institute of Health (NIH) is an example of which? -Both -Allocative tools -Regulatory tools -Neither - ANS allocative tools What was the key factor contributing to the passage of the ACA? -The high cost of healthcare expenditures -Democratic control of the Congress -The large number of Americans who are uninsured -The declining quality of care - ANS democratic control of the congress All of the following are elements of policy cycle, except: -Policy implementation -Policy design -Issue rating -Policy evaluation - ANS policy evaluation Which of the following branches of government is a supplier of policy? -All of the above -Executive -Legislative -Judicial - ANS all of the above Employer-provided health insurance benefits arose in the mid-20th century as a result of: -Supreme court ruling that health insurance could be included in the collective bargaining process -An executive order requiring employers to provide health insurance to employees -Unions and employee-rights groups demanding access to health insurance -Passage of the Social Security Act of 1935 - ANS supreme court ruling that health insurance could be included in the collective bargaining process The Donabedian Model helps to define and measure quality in healthcare organizations. Donabedian proposed three domains in which health care quality could be examined: structure, process, and outcomes. Which of the following is identified as the foundation of the quality of health care? -Structure -Outcome -Process -All are the foundation of the quality of healthcare - ANS structure What is one of the main reasons as to why the pursuit of quality in healthcare often trials behind the emphasis on cost and access? -Difficulty with insurance coverage -Difficulty with controlling costs for health services -Difficulty in gaining support for addressing quality -Difficulty of defining and measuring quality - ANS difficulty of defining and measuring quality both of healthcare system characteristics and enabling characteristics = what type fo access? - ANS potential access type, site, and purpose of health services = what type of access? - ANS realized access the distribution health care services according to the patients self perceived need = what type of access? - ANS equitable access The linking of access to health outcomes = what type of access? - ANS effect/efficient access This dimension of access refers to the fit between the locations of providers and patients -Availability -Affordability -Accommodation -Accessibility - ANS accessibility What is the primary purpose of the certificate of need (CON) statute? -To give credit and recognize agencies who have successfully lowered cost of services -To review utilization and quality of medical care -To control capital expenditures by health facilities by requiring prior approval for construction -None of the above - ANS to control capital expenditures by health facilities by requiring prior approval for construction Identify one of the main reasons to control for US health care costs: -Rising premium costs limit the ability of many employers to offer health benefits -There is no need to control costs because everyone is insured under the ACA -Rising costs consume a rather low proportion of total economic output -There is no need to control costs because the US has the capital - ANS rising premium costs limit the ability of many employers to offer health benefits Identify a way in which we achieve high quality care? -Utilize up to date capabilities -Utilize evidence based processes -All of the above -Measure outcomes - ANS all of the above Which of the following is not one of the three major cornerstones of US healthcare delivery? -Time -Access -Cost -Quality - ANS time What does the Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure? -Overall government expenditures -General inflation -Medical inflation -Health care expenditures - ANS general inflation Approximately 70,000 previously uninsured people with HIV/AIDS were expected to gain coverage under the ACA. What is one reason why this did not come to fruition? -ACA ran out of resources -Stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS -The nation ran out of money -States chose not to expand Medicaid - ANS states chose not to expand medicaid This racial/ethnic group is growing at a significantly faster rate than other population segments? -Black americans -Hispanic americans -Asian americans -White americans - ANS hispanic americans What is the leading cause of death for children and adolescents in the US? -Unintentional injuries -Asthma -Malnutrition -Obesity - ANS unintentional injuries The Ryan White CARE Act of 1990 is designed to provide federal funds to develop treatment and care options for people with what condition? -Diabetes -Cancer -Heart disease -HIV/AIDS - ANS HIV/AIDS Who is responsible for implementing the National Action Plan on Breast Cancer, a major public-private partnership dedicated to improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of breast cancer through research, service delivery, and education? -CDC -ACA -Program for Women, Infants, and Children -Office on Women's Health - ANS office on women health From , the percentage of US children with private health insurance or no health insurance saw what trend? -Greatly increased -Slightly increased -Remained the same -Decreased - ANS decreased Which racial/ethnic group reports the highest percentage of US mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy in 2014? -African americans -American indian or alaska native -White -Hispanic origins - ANS american indian or alaska native Based on the Vulnerability Framework, vulnerability is determined by a convergence of all of the following except which term? -Need -Predisposing -Want -Enabling - ANS want Which of the following is a result of decreased utilization preventive services for the uninsured population? -Access to prescription medications -Ability to pay for treatment -Early intervention for chronic diseases -Need for emergency services increases - ANS need for emergency services increases What does MUA stand for? -Medical utilization area -Medically underserved area -Metropolitan utilization area -Metropolitan underserved area - ANS medically underserved area Which step is the most essential in the policy information cycle? - ANS issue raising Identify the main issue preventing transmission into a single payer government run health care program - ANS beliefs and values Who are the main beneficiaries of the Affordable Care Act when it was passed? - ANS those who obtained coverage from medicaid Which age group is growing the fastest? (highest annual percentage grown in the last ten years) - ANS 85+ Which of the following is not a trend supporting institutional care? - ANS push to outpatient services/care Trump's agenda promised to immediately repeal and replace which piece of legislation? - ANS the affordable care act Is medical tourism expected to increase or decrease as more people opt for consumer-driven health policies? - ANS increase True or false: The Affordable Care Act makes it illegal to deny insurance coverage to people with HIV/AIDS - ANS true Three main concerns dominate the debate about medicare policy except which one? - ANS to give people as much money as possible Our buddy bill hoped and he prayed that one day he would become a what? - ANS a law What is the most influential house committee due to their ability to tax? - ANS ways and means committee Institute of Medicine (IOM) has six aims for quality improvement, include all of which except: - ANS quick Congress has 3 important powers, making it influential in the health policy process. Which of the following is not one of those powers? - ANS power to pass ex post factor laws (charging a person with crime when it wasn't a crime at the time) Which of the following is not a step in the policy cycle? - ANS having the president speak How has the government's role in the US shifted? - ANS it has grown True or false: politicians tend to strongly lean against supporting policies that agree with their own ideologies or advance their own political agendas - ANS false This type of medicine happens as a result of a fear of legal liability and/or malpractice - ANS defensive medicine (which often leads to unnecessary care) Which model emphasizes medical interventions after a person has become sick - ANS Medical model (preventive care is a public health model) The donabedian model proposed what three domains? - ANS Outcome, process, structure Which demonstration of healthcare quality encompasses the clinical aspects of care the interpersonal aspects of care and quality of life? - ANS micro What are the objectives of the Affordable Care Act? - ANS All of the above (more affordable, healthcare more accessible safe patient-centered, address environmental social and behavioral influences in healthcare) True or false: Quality assessment refers to the measurement of quality against an established standard - ANS true What is realized access? - ANS Type, site, and purpose of health services What is the purpose of the certificate of need? - ANS Control capital expenditures by health facilities by requiring them to establish a need What is the growth trend of the elderly population in the US? - ANS Increasing What are the three major cornerstones of healthcare delivery? - ANS Cost, access, and quality What professionals can provide mental health services - ANS all of the above For rural citizens, access to healthcare is affected by which of the following except: - ANS if they are in the mood True or false: Women in the US are expected to love 4.8 years longer than men and expect better morbidity and health outcomes - ANS false Which of the following is not an example of population-based community health services? - ANS providing health insurance to everyone Which is the leading cause of death among children and adolescents? - ANS unintentional injuries True or false: Ethnic minorities are more likely than whites to lack health insurance - ANS true Which of the following populations is growing at a significantly faster rate than others? - ANS hispanic What population is more likely to be economically disadvantaged than whites, shorter life expectancies, and higher age-adjusted death rates: - ANS african americans According to the framework, vulnerability is determined by a convergence of these factors except: - ANS age