BLOOD AND COLLECTION METHODS.
Key words.
Capillary blood collection.
Venous blood collection.
Butterfly needle/Vacutainer
Arterial blood collection.
Blood is one of the most common specimens studied in various sections of clinical
laboratories to detect blood related disorders, infection and also to assess the general
condition of health.
It is a blood collection used an all labs to find out why symptoms are appeared in the
patient.
Phlebotomy (“to cut a vein “in Greek) is the process of making incision in a vein.
Phlebotomy is a link between the patient and the laboratory.
A person who practices phlebotomy is termed as phlebotomist.
A phlebotomist requires social, clerical and technical skills.
Role of phlebotomist.
1. To collect blood for accurate and reliable results.
2. Accurate identification and collection procedure.
3. Assist the diagnosis and monitoring of patients.
Blood analysis is one of the most important diagnostic tools available to clinician
within health care.
Its date is relied upon the in the clinical setting for interpretation of clinical signs and
symptoms.
Collection, processing and storage are important preanalytical steps that determine
meaningful results.
Phlebotomy is one of the most common invasive procedures in health care which is
performed by a phlebotomist.
Each sample is sent to the laboratory accompanied by a laboratory requisition form
filled in by the clinician.
Brief clinical details and any other relevant information must be mentioned in the
form.
Prior to blood sample collection it is essential to check the patient’s identity and make
sure that it corresponds to the name and other details mentioned in the requisition
form.
Types of blood collection
1. CAPILLARY BLOOD COLLECTION.
2. VENOUS BLOOD COLLECTION.
1
, 3. ARTERIAL BLOOD COLLECTION.
Capillary blood sampling is a simple technique.
Capillary blood is collected from patient’s fingertip.
Venous blood sampling is the method of choice for adults.
For venepuncture open (with needle and open tube) and closed (with a needle and
syringe or vacutainer tube) techniques are in use.
Venous blood is generally used for the haematological examination and for the
chemical analysis.
Capillary skin puncture can be almost as satisfactory for some purpose.
But this procedure is restricted for children and to some point of care screening test
which require only one or two drops of blood.
Capillary blood should be used only when it is not possible to obtain venous blood.
Technique of arterial blood sampling is more complicated than other sampling
techniques because of the higher blood pressure of arterial blood vessel systems.
Blood will clot within a few minutes after it is removed from the body unless an
anticoagulant is used to stop the process of clotting.
Anticoagulated blood is known as whole blood. For haematological studies, un clotted
whole blood is needed.
Plasma is the fluid portion of un clotted blood obtained from the anticoagulated blood.
Serum is the fluid portion of clotted blood and is obtained from the blood, which is
collected without any added anticoagulant.
Patient Preparation.
1. Patient should be on balanced diet at least 2-43 days prior to the test.
2. The day before sample collection, the patient should not take tobacco, alcohol etc.
3. Ask the patient whether under any specific medication.
4.The patient should not undergo vigorous exercise prior to the test.
5. The patient must rest for at least 15 minutes before the blood collection.
6. For Fasting, the patient should not drink tea or coffee and take food for 12-16 hours.
7. Patient should have basic information about the blood collection.
8. For post prandial blood collection, the patient should report 15 minutes before the blood
collection.
Laboratory request form.
The laboratory request form should be dated and include a In Patient (IP) or Out Patient (OP)
number to identify all paper works or specimens associated with each patient.
The request form should contain the following information’s
1: Patients full name, Age & sex
2
Key words.
Capillary blood collection.
Venous blood collection.
Butterfly needle/Vacutainer
Arterial blood collection.
Blood is one of the most common specimens studied in various sections of clinical
laboratories to detect blood related disorders, infection and also to assess the general
condition of health.
It is a blood collection used an all labs to find out why symptoms are appeared in the
patient.
Phlebotomy (“to cut a vein “in Greek) is the process of making incision in a vein.
Phlebotomy is a link between the patient and the laboratory.
A person who practices phlebotomy is termed as phlebotomist.
A phlebotomist requires social, clerical and technical skills.
Role of phlebotomist.
1. To collect blood for accurate and reliable results.
2. Accurate identification and collection procedure.
3. Assist the diagnosis and monitoring of patients.
Blood analysis is one of the most important diagnostic tools available to clinician
within health care.
Its date is relied upon the in the clinical setting for interpretation of clinical signs and
symptoms.
Collection, processing and storage are important preanalytical steps that determine
meaningful results.
Phlebotomy is one of the most common invasive procedures in health care which is
performed by a phlebotomist.
Each sample is sent to the laboratory accompanied by a laboratory requisition form
filled in by the clinician.
Brief clinical details and any other relevant information must be mentioned in the
form.
Prior to blood sample collection it is essential to check the patient’s identity and make
sure that it corresponds to the name and other details mentioned in the requisition
form.
Types of blood collection
1. CAPILLARY BLOOD COLLECTION.
2. VENOUS BLOOD COLLECTION.
1
, 3. ARTERIAL BLOOD COLLECTION.
Capillary blood sampling is a simple technique.
Capillary blood is collected from patient’s fingertip.
Venous blood sampling is the method of choice for adults.
For venepuncture open (with needle and open tube) and closed (with a needle and
syringe or vacutainer tube) techniques are in use.
Venous blood is generally used for the haematological examination and for the
chemical analysis.
Capillary skin puncture can be almost as satisfactory for some purpose.
But this procedure is restricted for children and to some point of care screening test
which require only one or two drops of blood.
Capillary blood should be used only when it is not possible to obtain venous blood.
Technique of arterial blood sampling is more complicated than other sampling
techniques because of the higher blood pressure of arterial blood vessel systems.
Blood will clot within a few minutes after it is removed from the body unless an
anticoagulant is used to stop the process of clotting.
Anticoagulated blood is known as whole blood. For haematological studies, un clotted
whole blood is needed.
Plasma is the fluid portion of un clotted blood obtained from the anticoagulated blood.
Serum is the fluid portion of clotted blood and is obtained from the blood, which is
collected without any added anticoagulant.
Patient Preparation.
1. Patient should be on balanced diet at least 2-43 days prior to the test.
2. The day before sample collection, the patient should not take tobacco, alcohol etc.
3. Ask the patient whether under any specific medication.
4.The patient should not undergo vigorous exercise prior to the test.
5. The patient must rest for at least 15 minutes before the blood collection.
6. For Fasting, the patient should not drink tea or coffee and take food for 12-16 hours.
7. Patient should have basic information about the blood collection.
8. For post prandial blood collection, the patient should report 15 minutes before the blood
collection.
Laboratory request form.
The laboratory request form should be dated and include a In Patient (IP) or Out Patient (OP)
number to identify all paper works or specimens associated with each patient.
The request form should contain the following information’s
1: Patients full name, Age & sex
2
