MSK II Exam 2 Answered (Musculoskeletal Examination 2) - Manual Therapy- Questions and Answers Graded A+ a 100% Pass.

A ______ of the elbow occurs in the joint space and can be due to bone, cartilage, or soft tissue. - CORRECT ANSWER-Loose body / fragment List some potential causes of loose bodies in the joint space. - CORRECT ANSWER-- osteochondritis dissecans - acute trauma - OA How would a loose body in the elbow present/ what would the pt. complain of in the subjective exam? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Hx of sudden locking - will NOT be able to flex/ ext - fragments of radiograph How are loose bodies in the elbow managed? - CORRECT ANSWER-- High velocity low amplitude (HVLA) thrust - excision **manipulation first to move loose body around to alleviate pain ___________most often occur in children and presents as an "s" shaped deformity. MOI = FOOSH or fall onto flexed elbow - CORRECT ANSWER-supracondylar fx - transverse fx across humerus above condyles - distal fragment commonly displaced posteriorly Management for supracondylar fx. - CORRECT ANSWER-Non-displaced - immobilization (casted) - gradual return to activity Displaced - closed reduction or ORIF - immobilization - progressive ROM and strengthening _________occurs in the elderly or osteoporotic populations that is similar MOI and management as supracondylar fx. - CORRECT ANSWER-transcondylar fx - transverse fx through both condyles ___________ fx is recognized by is T or Y shape and are always "complex" fx - CORRECT ANSWER-intracondylar fx List the MOI, S/S, and management of an intracondylar fx - CORRECT ANSWER-MOI - excessive force through the olecranon - fall onto point of elbow (splits condyles) S/S - short arm - wide elbow - mobile condyles Management - ORIF - gentle ROM - isometrics - progressive isotonics ** extension slow to return ____________ occurs in childern 1 6 y/o due to FOOSH with supination and varus stress. - CORRECT ANSWER-lateral condylar epiphysis fx List the S/S and management for a lateral condylar epiphysis fx - CORRECT ANSWER-S/S - edema - tenderness - painfull passive wrist flexion Management - Non- displaced = immobilize, ROM, strengthening - displaced = ORIF, immobilize... What is the MOI, S/S, and management for medial condylar epiphysis fx?? - CORRECT ANSWER-MOI - FOOSH w wrist hyperextension S/S - edema - tenderness - possible N/T ulnar fingers Management - same as lateral ________________ is due to direct trauma causing edema/ effusion, pain, decreased ROM and sometimes inability to extend the elbow. - CORRECT ANSWER-olecranon fx Pull of triceps (a.k.a) javelin throwers elbow. - CORRECT ANSWER-avulsion fx of olecranon ** management = ORIF or fragment excision/ reattachment of triceps ___________ is an impaction fx, mostly occurring in adults due to FOOSH. - CORRECT ANSWER-radial head fx What are the S/S of radial head fx? - CORRECT ANSWER-- painful pronation/ supination - radiograph shows vertical split, lateral displacement or shattering What is the difference between a simple v.s. complex dislocation? - CORRECT ANSWER-complex includes dislocation and fx What joint is the 2nd most commonly dislocated/ subluxed joint in the body following the shoulder. - CORRECT ANSWER-elbow Describe an ulnar dislocation. - CORRECT ANSWER-- dislocates posteriorly on humerus - radius often dislocates too - lateral shift of radius and ulna = common What soft tissues can be damaged due to ulnar dislocation - CORRECT ANSWER-- tearing of anterior capsule - tearing of brachialis - overstretch medial collateral ligament, nerves and blood vessels This dislocation is also referred to as "pulled elbow" or "nurse maid's elbow" - CORRECT ANSWER-radial head dislocation - occurs in childern - MOI = swinging child by arms or yanking How is a radial head dislocation reduced? - CORRECT ANSWER-distraction, supination and flexion _____________ is a fx of the proximal third of the ulna with anterior dislocation of radial head due to forced pronation - CORRECT ANSWER-Monteggia's fx What are the S/S of a Monteggia's fx? - CORRECT ANSWER-- anterior angulation and shortening of forearm - radial head palpable in antecubital fossa What is a common complication of a Monteggia's fx? - CORRECT ANSWER-radial nerve injury _______ can lead to inflammation of tendons, ligaments, and decreased stability of joints. - CORRECT ANSWER-RA ________________ is a joint condition which bone underneath cartilage becomes inflamed and can die due to lack of blood flow . - CORRECT ANSWER-osteochondritis dissecans inflammation of bone and cartilage can lead to _________________- - CORRECT ANSWER-avascular necrosis