MENTAL HEALTH EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST VERSION
Adjustment disorder - ANSWER>>>reaction to a stressful event that
causes problems for the individuals
-*difficulty coping with or assimilating the event* into his or her life
-*financial, relationship, & work-related stressors are most common*
-symptoms develop within a month, lasting no more than 6 months
-outpatient therapy is most common & successful treatment
Acute stress disorder occurs after a traumatic event & is characterized by: -
ANSWER>>>reexperiencing, avoidance, & hyperarousal that occur from *3
days to 4 weeks* following a trauma
-can be a *precursor to PTSD*
-cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) involving exposure & anxiety
management can help prevent progression to PTSD
PTSD is a disturbing pattern of behavior demonstrated by: -
ANSWER>>>someone who has experienced, witnessed, or been
confronted with a traumatic event.
-responded with intense fear, helplessness, or terror
-Symptoms occurring *3 months or longer*
-Onset can be delayed, chronic in nature and transient exacerbations
-Depression, anxiety and drug abuse are correlating disorders
-At Risk: anyone at any age, typically veterans, victims of violence and
natural disasters
-*Severity, Duration, Proximity of trauma* are most important factors
affecting PTSD development
-*Rape victims (around 70%) develop*
3 major elements of PTSD - ANSWER>>>Experiencing the trauma leads
to:
1. Dreams or intrusive, recurrent thoughts of the trauma
2. Emotional numbing (feeling detached from others)
3. Hyperarousal (being on guard, irritable)
,Acute stress disorder vs PTSD - ANSWER>>>Acute stress disorder =
event occurred <3 months
PTSD = event occurred >3 months
-PTSD is *chronic in nature* with periods of exacerbation during increased
stress.
-*PTSD can lead to other psychiatric disorders* such as depression,
anxiety, and substance abuse.
Trauma/stress 8 treatment options - ANSWER>>>1. Psychotherapy
(individual or group)
2. Medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics, sleep aids)
3. Self-help groups
4. Exposure therapy
5. Relaxation techniques
6. Adaptive disclosure
7. Cognitive processing therapy
8. Mental health promotion
Exposure therapy is a treatment approach designed to: -
ANSWER>>>combat avoidance, help client face troubling thoughts &
feelings, & regain control
The client *confronts the fears & trauma rather than attempting to avoid
them*
Relaxation techniques are employed to help the client tolerate & manage
the anxiety response
-may confront the event in reality by returning to the place where one was
assaulted
-may use imagined confrontation, placing ones self mentally in the situation
Adaptive disclosure is a specialized CBT approach developed by the
military to: - ANSWER>>>offer an intense, specific, short-term therapy for
active duty military personnel with PTSD
-*incorporates exposure therapy & empty-chair technique, in which the pt
says whatever he or she needs to say* to anyone alive or dead
,Trauma & stress related assessment (9) - ANSWER>>>1. History of
trauma/stress or abuse
2. When it occurred
3. Observation of the patient's appearance and motor behavior
-hyperalertness, anxiety, restlessness, or fetal positioning
-may be uncomfortable if nurse is too close; may require greater distance
4. Mood and affect
-Can range from passive to angry, frightened, agitated, hostile
-when dissociating, may talk in a different tone or appear numb with a
vacant stare
5. Thought process/content
-Experience nightmares, flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, hallucinations, self-
destructive thoughts, fantasies
-suicidal ideation common
6. Sensorium and intellectual processes
-Memory gaps: no clear memories
-ability to make decisions or solve problems may be impaired
7. low self-esteem
-may believe they're bad people who deserve or provoked abuse
-may feel they are going crazy & are out of control
-may see themselves as helpless, worthless, & hopeless
8. Roles and relationships
-Problems with relationships, work, social, or authority
-ability to trust is severely compromised
-intrusive thoughts keep them from participating in social or family events
9. Physiologic concerns
-Disturbed sleep
-Change in appetite
-Alcohol and drug use
Trauma & stress nursing diagnoses (6) - ANSWER>>>1. Risk for
suicide/self-mutilation
2. Ineffective coping
3. Posttrauma syndrome
4. Powerlessness
5. Chronic low self-esteem
6. Risk for self- or other-directed violence
Other: anxiety, fear, disturbed sensory perception, sleep deprivation,
sexual dysfunction, spiritual distress, social isolation
, Trauma/stress outcomes & interventions (4) - ANSWER>>>Focus is to
*improve self-esteem and promote empowerment*:
1. Refer to patient as "survivor" rather than "victim"
2. Identification of flashback triggers
3. Encourage journaling of feelings
4. Utilize distractions and relaxation techniques
Dissociative amnesia - ANSWER>>>Client *cannot remember important
personal information* (usually of traumatic or stressful nature)
-includes a *fugue experience* where the client suddenly moves to a new
location with no memory of past events & assumes a new identity
Depersonalization/derealization disorder - ANSWER>>>Client has a
persistent or recurrent feeling of being *detached from his or her mental
processes or body*
(depersonalization) or sensation of being in a *dream-like state where
everything seems foggy* or unreal (derealization)
-client is *not psychotic* or out of touch with reality
Grounding techniques (3) - ANSWER>>>Helpful with dissociation or
flashback
1. Remind the person that he/she is present, is an adult, and is safe.
-"I know this is scary, but you are safe now"
2. Increases contact with reality
3. *Diminishes the dissociative experience by focusing on current senses*:
-Can you see me and the room we are in?
-Can you feel the watch on your wrist?
Positive (hard) symptoms of schizophrenia (9) - ANSWER>>>1.
ambivalence- holding contradictory beliefs about the same person, event,
or situation
2. associative looseness- fragmented or poorly related thoughts/ideas
3. delusions- fixed false beliefs that have no basis in reality
4. echopraxia- imitations of the movements & gestures of another person
whom the client is observing
5. flight of ideas- continuous flow of verbalization in which the person jumps
rapidly from one topic to another
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST VERSION
Adjustment disorder - ANSWER>>>reaction to a stressful event that
causes problems for the individuals
-*difficulty coping with or assimilating the event* into his or her life
-*financial, relationship, & work-related stressors are most common*
-symptoms develop within a month, lasting no more than 6 months
-outpatient therapy is most common & successful treatment
Acute stress disorder occurs after a traumatic event & is characterized by: -
ANSWER>>>reexperiencing, avoidance, & hyperarousal that occur from *3
days to 4 weeks* following a trauma
-can be a *precursor to PTSD*
-cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) involving exposure & anxiety
management can help prevent progression to PTSD
PTSD is a disturbing pattern of behavior demonstrated by: -
ANSWER>>>someone who has experienced, witnessed, or been
confronted with a traumatic event.
-responded with intense fear, helplessness, or terror
-Symptoms occurring *3 months or longer*
-Onset can be delayed, chronic in nature and transient exacerbations
-Depression, anxiety and drug abuse are correlating disorders
-At Risk: anyone at any age, typically veterans, victims of violence and
natural disasters
-*Severity, Duration, Proximity of trauma* are most important factors
affecting PTSD development
-*Rape victims (around 70%) develop*
3 major elements of PTSD - ANSWER>>>Experiencing the trauma leads
to:
1. Dreams or intrusive, recurrent thoughts of the trauma
2. Emotional numbing (feeling detached from others)
3. Hyperarousal (being on guard, irritable)
,Acute stress disorder vs PTSD - ANSWER>>>Acute stress disorder =
event occurred <3 months
PTSD = event occurred >3 months
-PTSD is *chronic in nature* with periods of exacerbation during increased
stress.
-*PTSD can lead to other psychiatric disorders* such as depression,
anxiety, and substance abuse.
Trauma/stress 8 treatment options - ANSWER>>>1. Psychotherapy
(individual or group)
2. Medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics, sleep aids)
3. Self-help groups
4. Exposure therapy
5. Relaxation techniques
6. Adaptive disclosure
7. Cognitive processing therapy
8. Mental health promotion
Exposure therapy is a treatment approach designed to: -
ANSWER>>>combat avoidance, help client face troubling thoughts &
feelings, & regain control
The client *confronts the fears & trauma rather than attempting to avoid
them*
Relaxation techniques are employed to help the client tolerate & manage
the anxiety response
-may confront the event in reality by returning to the place where one was
assaulted
-may use imagined confrontation, placing ones self mentally in the situation
Adaptive disclosure is a specialized CBT approach developed by the
military to: - ANSWER>>>offer an intense, specific, short-term therapy for
active duty military personnel with PTSD
-*incorporates exposure therapy & empty-chair technique, in which the pt
says whatever he or she needs to say* to anyone alive or dead
,Trauma & stress related assessment (9) - ANSWER>>>1. History of
trauma/stress or abuse
2. When it occurred
3. Observation of the patient's appearance and motor behavior
-hyperalertness, anxiety, restlessness, or fetal positioning
-may be uncomfortable if nurse is too close; may require greater distance
4. Mood and affect
-Can range from passive to angry, frightened, agitated, hostile
-when dissociating, may talk in a different tone or appear numb with a
vacant stare
5. Thought process/content
-Experience nightmares, flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, hallucinations, self-
destructive thoughts, fantasies
-suicidal ideation common
6. Sensorium and intellectual processes
-Memory gaps: no clear memories
-ability to make decisions or solve problems may be impaired
7. low self-esteem
-may believe they're bad people who deserve or provoked abuse
-may feel they are going crazy & are out of control
-may see themselves as helpless, worthless, & hopeless
8. Roles and relationships
-Problems with relationships, work, social, or authority
-ability to trust is severely compromised
-intrusive thoughts keep them from participating in social or family events
9. Physiologic concerns
-Disturbed sleep
-Change in appetite
-Alcohol and drug use
Trauma & stress nursing diagnoses (6) - ANSWER>>>1. Risk for
suicide/self-mutilation
2. Ineffective coping
3. Posttrauma syndrome
4. Powerlessness
5. Chronic low self-esteem
6. Risk for self- or other-directed violence
Other: anxiety, fear, disturbed sensory perception, sleep deprivation,
sexual dysfunction, spiritual distress, social isolation
, Trauma/stress outcomes & interventions (4) - ANSWER>>>Focus is to
*improve self-esteem and promote empowerment*:
1. Refer to patient as "survivor" rather than "victim"
2. Identification of flashback triggers
3. Encourage journaling of feelings
4. Utilize distractions and relaxation techniques
Dissociative amnesia - ANSWER>>>Client *cannot remember important
personal information* (usually of traumatic or stressful nature)
-includes a *fugue experience* where the client suddenly moves to a new
location with no memory of past events & assumes a new identity
Depersonalization/derealization disorder - ANSWER>>>Client has a
persistent or recurrent feeling of being *detached from his or her mental
processes or body*
(depersonalization) or sensation of being in a *dream-like state where
everything seems foggy* or unreal (derealization)
-client is *not psychotic* or out of touch with reality
Grounding techniques (3) - ANSWER>>>Helpful with dissociation or
flashback
1. Remind the person that he/she is present, is an adult, and is safe.
-"I know this is scary, but you are safe now"
2. Increases contact with reality
3. *Diminishes the dissociative experience by focusing on current senses*:
-Can you see me and the room we are in?
-Can you feel the watch on your wrist?
Positive (hard) symptoms of schizophrenia (9) - ANSWER>>>1.
ambivalence- holding contradictory beliefs about the same person, event,
or situation
2. associative looseness- fragmented or poorly related thoughts/ideas
3. delusions- fixed false beliefs that have no basis in reality
4. echopraxia- imitations of the movements & gestures of another person
whom the client is observing
5. flight of ideas- continuous flow of verbalization in which the person jumps
rapidly from one topic to another
