Bipolar Disorder and
Depression Study Guide/25
Questions and Correct
Answers/Latest Update 2024
Bipolar I disorder - -Characterized by one or more episodes of mania and
one or more depression episodes. It is the most severe type of bipolar
disorder and is typically treated with antipsychotics.
-Bipolar II disorder - -Characterized by one or more episodes of
hypomania and one or more depression episodes. It is less severe than
bipolar I disorder.
-Antiepileptic medications - -Include valproate and carbamazepine
(Tegretol), used to treat bipolar disorder. Valproate may lead to
hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia, teratogenesis, and
weight gain. Carbamazepine may cause blood dyscrasias, teratogenesis,
hyperosmolarity, skin disorders, and CNS side effects.
-Lithium levels - -Therapeutic range is 0.8 - 1.2 mEq/L. Below range
(0.8) may lead to manic behaviors, within range (0.8-1.2) is therapeutic,
and above range (1.2) indicates lithium toxicity.
-Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - -Indicated for major depressive
disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and acute manic episodes.
Contraindications include cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular
disorders, and seizures. Complications may include memory loss,
confusion, cardiovascular changes, and reactions to anesthesia.
-MAOIs - -Foods to avoid include cured or smoked meats, aged or
fermented cheeses, aged or cured fish, fermented or pickled foods,
beer, and red wine.
-Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) - -Provides electrical stimulation
through a device surgically implanted under the skin of the client's
chest, often used for major depressive disorder, anxiety, obesity, and
pain. Complications may include voice changes, hoarseness, throat or
neck pain, cough, and dyspnea.
-Grief - -Refers to the inner emotional response to loss, while mourning
includes the outward display of loss. Types of loss include necessary,
actual, perceived, maturational, and situational. Theories of grief include
Kubler-Ross's 5 stages, Bowlby's 4 stages, Engel's 5 stages, and
Worden's 4 tasks.
Depression Study Guide/25
Questions and Correct
Answers/Latest Update 2024
Bipolar I disorder - -Characterized by one or more episodes of mania and
one or more depression episodes. It is the most severe type of bipolar
disorder and is typically treated with antipsychotics.
-Bipolar II disorder - -Characterized by one or more episodes of
hypomania and one or more depression episodes. It is less severe than
bipolar I disorder.
-Antiepileptic medications - -Include valproate and carbamazepine
(Tegretol), used to treat bipolar disorder. Valproate may lead to
hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia, teratogenesis, and
weight gain. Carbamazepine may cause blood dyscrasias, teratogenesis,
hyperosmolarity, skin disorders, and CNS side effects.
-Lithium levels - -Therapeutic range is 0.8 - 1.2 mEq/L. Below range
(0.8) may lead to manic behaviors, within range (0.8-1.2) is therapeutic,
and above range (1.2) indicates lithium toxicity.
-Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - -Indicated for major depressive
disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and acute manic episodes.
Contraindications include cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular
disorders, and seizures. Complications may include memory loss,
confusion, cardiovascular changes, and reactions to anesthesia.
-MAOIs - -Foods to avoid include cured or smoked meats, aged or
fermented cheeses, aged or cured fish, fermented or pickled foods,
beer, and red wine.
-Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) - -Provides electrical stimulation
through a device surgically implanted under the skin of the client's
chest, often used for major depressive disorder, anxiety, obesity, and
pain. Complications may include voice changes, hoarseness, throat or
neck pain, cough, and dyspnea.
-Grief - -Refers to the inner emotional response to loss, while mourning
includes the outward display of loss. Types of loss include necessary,
actual, perceived, maturational, and situational. Theories of grief include
Kubler-Ross's 5 stages, Bowlby's 4 stages, Engel's 5 stages, and
Worden's 4 tasks.
