EXSS 181 Midterm 1 Study Guide Rated A+
1). Sport and exercise psychology
Ans: The scientific study of human behavior in sport and exercise, and the practical
application of that knowledge
2). 3 roles of sport psychologists
Ans: -Research (plan, design, implement, and evaluate research);
-Teaching (university courses);
-Consulting (help individuals and teams improve performance)
3). 2 major types of questions in the field?
Ans: -Understanding the effects of psychological factors on sport/physical activity
behavior and performance
-Understanding the effects of participating in sport/physical activity on psychological
development, health, and well-being
4). What does b= f(p,e) mean?
Ans: Behavior is a function of both the person and his/her environment
-Is dynamic; precise prediction difficult; need to understand both person and context
5). Who are the main historical figures? what did they do?
Ans: --Norman Triplett: key figure in history of social, sport, and exercise psychology;
studied social facilitation of bikers; tested whether bikers rode faster when in groups than
alone
--Coleman Griffith: "Father of Modern Sport Psychology"; first research lab; 25 research
articles
6). 6 periods of sports psychology
Ans: --Early years(1895-1920): characterized by isolated studies
--Griffith Era(1921-1938): sport psychology labs and psychological testing took place;
Coleman Griffith became the first American to specialize in the area; lab at University of
Illinois
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, --Preparation for Future(1939-1965): characterized by the field's scientific development
attributable to the educational efforts of Franklin Henry
--Establishment of Academic Branch(1966-1977): sport and exercise psychology became
a valued component of the academic discipline of physical education
--Multidisciplinary Research(1978-2000): multidisciplinary science and practice,
characterized by tremendous growth as the field became more accepted and respected
by the public
--Contemporary(2000-present): distinguished by continued growth worldwide,
considerable diverse research, and interest in application and consulting
7). Identify and explain 3 ways of knowing. advantages/disadvantages of each?
Ans: -Common sense (intuition, speculation); strength= easy and quick; limitations= not
based on experience or data
-Practical experience (observations, case studies); strengths= immediate, innovative;
limitations= fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
-Science (controlled, empirical investigations); strengths= reliable, objective; limitations=
reductionistic, slow to evolve
8). 4 steps of scientific method?
Ans: -Develop the problem (what is the purpose; independent/dependent variables)
-Formulate hypotheses (must be testable)
-Gather data
-Analyze and interpret results
9). Identify the iv and dv in the following statement: do 8 year old gymnasts learn new vaults
faster if they are exposed to mastery versus coping models?
Ans: IV: Mastery vs. coping models
DV: speed of learning
10). What is a theory?
Ans: a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one
based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained
11). What is personality?
Ans: That pattern of characteristics thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that
distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time and situations
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1). Sport and exercise psychology
Ans: The scientific study of human behavior in sport and exercise, and the practical
application of that knowledge
2). 3 roles of sport psychologists
Ans: -Research (plan, design, implement, and evaluate research);
-Teaching (university courses);
-Consulting (help individuals and teams improve performance)
3). 2 major types of questions in the field?
Ans: -Understanding the effects of psychological factors on sport/physical activity
behavior and performance
-Understanding the effects of participating in sport/physical activity on psychological
development, health, and well-being
4). What does b= f(p,e) mean?
Ans: Behavior is a function of both the person and his/her environment
-Is dynamic; precise prediction difficult; need to understand both person and context
5). Who are the main historical figures? what did they do?
Ans: --Norman Triplett: key figure in history of social, sport, and exercise psychology;
studied social facilitation of bikers; tested whether bikers rode faster when in groups than
alone
--Coleman Griffith: "Father of Modern Sport Psychology"; first research lab; 25 research
articles
6). 6 periods of sports psychology
Ans: --Early years(1895-1920): characterized by isolated studies
--Griffith Era(1921-1938): sport psychology labs and psychological testing took place;
Coleman Griffith became the first American to specialize in the area; lab at University of
Illinois
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 14
, --Preparation for Future(1939-1965): characterized by the field's scientific development
attributable to the educational efforts of Franklin Henry
--Establishment of Academic Branch(1966-1977): sport and exercise psychology became
a valued component of the academic discipline of physical education
--Multidisciplinary Research(1978-2000): multidisciplinary science and practice,
characterized by tremendous growth as the field became more accepted and respected
by the public
--Contemporary(2000-present): distinguished by continued growth worldwide,
considerable diverse research, and interest in application and consulting
7). Identify and explain 3 ways of knowing. advantages/disadvantages of each?
Ans: -Common sense (intuition, speculation); strength= easy and quick; limitations= not
based on experience or data
-Practical experience (observations, case studies); strengths= immediate, innovative;
limitations= fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
-Science (controlled, empirical investigations); strengths= reliable, objective; limitations=
reductionistic, slow to evolve
8). 4 steps of scientific method?
Ans: -Develop the problem (what is the purpose; independent/dependent variables)
-Formulate hypotheses (must be testable)
-Gather data
-Analyze and interpret results
9). Identify the iv and dv in the following statement: do 8 year old gymnasts learn new vaults
faster if they are exposed to mastery versus coping models?
Ans: IV: Mastery vs. coping models
DV: speed of learning
10). What is a theory?
Ans: a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one
based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained
11). What is personality?
Ans: That pattern of characteristics thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that
distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time and situations
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