PCOL 824 Final Exam with Complete Solutions

PCOL 824 Final Exam with Complete Solutions Acetylcholine - Answer-Endogenous ligand for nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Easily hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase. Methacholine - Answer-Methylated version of ACh makes it less susceptible to hydrolysis. Has high affinity for muscarinic receptors and no affinity for nicotinic receptors. Carbachol - Answer-Transaminated version of ACh that results in negligible hydrolysis for longer half life. Has normal affinity for nicotinic receptors and lesser affinity for muscarinic receptors. Bethanechol - Answer-Transaminated and methylated version of ACh that has negligible hydrolysis and no nicotinic action. This ACh agonist is exclusive to muscarinic receptors. Muscarine - Answer-Chiefly muscarinic cholinomimetic alkaloid. Non-selective and not degraded by cholinesterases. Oxytremorine - Answer-Similar to muscarine, causes CNS tremors as a model for Parkinson's disease. Arecholine - Answer-Cholinomimetic alkaloid, from "betel nut." Used extensively in South Asia as a mild euphoric and causes robust salivation. Nicotine - Answer-Cholinomimetic alkaloid with primarily nicotinic action. Non-selective and not degraded by cholinesterases. DMPP - Answer-Similar to nicotine, important for selective stimulation of ganglionic nicotinic receptors. Pilocarpine - Answer-Cholinomimetic alkaloid, mostly for ocular use, some CNS activity. M1 Receptor locations - Answer-CNS neurons