Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual
Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease 3rd
Edition Test Bank | Complete Guide
1). First line of defense
Ans: blink reflex
lashes catch particles
tears wash particles away
enzymes in tears neutralize harmful substances
intact surrounding skin prevents entry of harmful substances
2). Second line of defense
Ans: inflammatory response
vasodilation and increased capillary permeability cause redness (erythema) and swelling
phagocytes move in to engulf and destroy harmful substances
3). Third line of defense
Ans: immune response is activated
immune cells recognize and destroy harmful substances
4). Injury
Ans: any form of damage or alteration to cells or tissues
can include invasion of microorganisms, cellular mutations, hypoxia or anoxia, nutritional
deficiencies, and physical or chemical damage
5). 3 goals of the acute inflammatory response
Ans: 1. increase blood flow to the site of an injury, referred to as vascular response
2. alert products of healing to attend to site of injury referred to as cellular response
3. remove injured tissue a d prepare site for repair and healing.
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, 6). Dilate
Ans: widen to accommodate increased blood flow to site of injury
7). Permeable
Ans: loosens to allow cells to easily move from the vessel into the injured tissue
8). Endothelial cells
Ans: cells that form a tight junction within the inner lining of the blood and lymphatic
vessels and the heart
9). Basement membrane
Ans: Outer membrane of vessels, which separates the vessel from the tissues of the
body.
10). Increased blood at the site of injury needed for 2 reasons
Ans: 1. blood is composed of cells active in phagocytosis (engulfs and removes
harmful agents as well as promotes healing and developing immune response)
2. increased fluid dilutes harmful substances at the site of injury
11). Exudate
Ans: watery fluid that accumulates at the site of injury, has a high protein and leukocyte
concentration
12). Inflammatory mediators
Ans: facilitate the process of widening and loosening of the blood vessels at the site of
injury
13). Mast cell
Ans: leukocytes that are housed throughout the body within connective tissue and near
all blood vessels; they are responsible for production and immediate release of chemical
mediators
rapid response
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 15
Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease 3rd
Edition Test Bank | Complete Guide
1). First line of defense
Ans: blink reflex
lashes catch particles
tears wash particles away
enzymes in tears neutralize harmful substances
intact surrounding skin prevents entry of harmful substances
2). Second line of defense
Ans: inflammatory response
vasodilation and increased capillary permeability cause redness (erythema) and swelling
phagocytes move in to engulf and destroy harmful substances
3). Third line of defense
Ans: immune response is activated
immune cells recognize and destroy harmful substances
4). Injury
Ans: any form of damage or alteration to cells or tissues
can include invasion of microorganisms, cellular mutations, hypoxia or anoxia, nutritional
deficiencies, and physical or chemical damage
5). 3 goals of the acute inflammatory response
Ans: 1. increase blood flow to the site of an injury, referred to as vascular response
2. alert products of healing to attend to site of injury referred to as cellular response
3. remove injured tissue a d prepare site for repair and healing.
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 15
, 6). Dilate
Ans: widen to accommodate increased blood flow to site of injury
7). Permeable
Ans: loosens to allow cells to easily move from the vessel into the injured tissue
8). Endothelial cells
Ans: cells that form a tight junction within the inner lining of the blood and lymphatic
vessels and the heart
9). Basement membrane
Ans: Outer membrane of vessels, which separates the vessel from the tissues of the
body.
10). Increased blood at the site of injury needed for 2 reasons
Ans: 1. blood is composed of cells active in phagocytosis (engulfs and removes
harmful agents as well as promotes healing and developing immune response)
2. increased fluid dilutes harmful substances at the site of injury
11). Exudate
Ans: watery fluid that accumulates at the site of injury, has a high protein and leukocyte
concentration
12). Inflammatory mediators
Ans: facilitate the process of widening and loosening of the blood vessels at the site of
injury
13). Mast cell
Ans: leukocytes that are housed throughout the body within connective tissue and near
all blood vessels; they are responsible for production and immediate release of chemical
mediators
rapid response
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 15
