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C++ is a powerful, general-purpose programming language that was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Labs. It is an extension of the C programming language with additional features such as classes and objects, which make it an object-oriented programming (OOP) language. Here are some key features and concepts of C++: 1. **Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)**: C++ supports the concepts of classes and objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. This allows for better organization and structuring of code, making it easier to manage and maintain. 2. **Classes and Objects**: Classes are user-defined data types that contain data members (variables) and member functions (methods) to operate on that data. Objects are instances of classes. 3. **Inheritance**: Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class. This promotes code reuse and enables hierarchical relationships between classes. 4. **Polymorphism**: Polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common superclass. This is achieved through function overloading and function overriding. 5. **Encapsulation**: Encapsulation refers to the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit (i.e., a class). This helps in hiding the internal implementation details of a class and exposing only the necessary interfaces. 6. **Templates**: C++ supports generic programming through templates, which allow functions and classes to operate with generic types. This provides flexibility and allows for writing reusable code. 7. **Standard Template Library (STL)**: The STL provides a collection of classes and functions that implement common data structures (like vectors, lists, and maps) and algorithms (such as sorting and searching) in C++. 8. **Memory Management**: C++ gives programmers control over memory management, allowing dynamic memory allocation and deallocation using `new` and `delete` operators. However, this also means that manual memory management can lead to memory leaks and other issues if not handled properly. 9. **High Performance**: C++ is known for its high performance, making it suitable for system programming, game development, and other performance-critical applications. 10. **Portability**: C++ code can be compiled to run on different platforms with minimal changes, making it a portable language. Overall, C++ is a versatile language that is widely used in various domains such as systems programming, game development, scientific computing, and more. Its combination of high performance and flexibility makes it a popular choice for many developers.

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Object Oriented Programming Using
C++

, LECTURE NOTES
ON
Object Oriented Programming Using C++



Prepared by
Dr. Subasish Mohapatra




Department of Computer Science and Application
College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar
Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha




2 P.T.O

, SYLLABUS
PCCS2207 Object Oriented Programming
Module I
Introduction to object oriented programming, user defined types, structures, unions,
polymorphism, encapsulation. Getting started with C++ syntax, data-type, variables,
strings, functions, default values in functions, recursion, namespaces, operators, flow
control, arrays and pointers.


Module II
Abstraction mechanism: Classes, private, public, constructors, destructors, member data,
member functions, inline function, friend functions, static members, and references.
Inheritance: Class hierarchy, derived classes, single inheritance, multiple, multilevel,
hybrid inheritance, role of virtual base class, constructor and destructor execution, base
initialization using derived class constructors.
Polymorphism: Binding, Static binding, Dynamic binding, Static polymorphism: Function
Overloading, Ambiguity in function overloading, Dynamic polymorphism: Base class
pointer, object slicing, late binding, method overriding with virtual functions, pure virtual
functions, abstract classes.
Operator Overloading: This pointer, applications of this pointer, Operator function,
member and non member operator function, operator overloading, I/O operators.
Exception handling: Try, throw, and catch, exceptions and derived classes, function
exception declaration, unexpected exceptions, exception when handling exceptions,
resource capture and release.


Module III
Dynamic memory management, new and delete operators, object copying, copy
constructor, assignment operator, virtual destructor.
Template: template classes, template functions.
Standard Template Library: Fundamental idea about string, iterators, hashes, iostreams
and other types.
Namespaces: user defined namespaces, namespaces provided by library.
Object Oriented Design, design and programming, role of classes.


Text Books:
1. Object Oriented Programming with C++ by E. Balagurusamy, McGraw-Hill
Education (India)
2. ANSI and Turbo C++ by Ashoke N. Kamthane, Pearson Education

Reference Books:
1. Big C++ - Wiley India
2. C++: The Complete Reference- Schildt, McGraw-Hill Education (India)
3. C++ and Object Oriented Programming – Jana, PHI Learning.
4. Object Oriented Programming with C++ - Rajiv Sahay, Oxford
5. Mastering C++ - Venugopal, McGraw-Hill Education (India)




3 P.T.O

, CONTENTS
Lecture 01: Introduction
Lecture 02: Object Oriented Programming
Lecture 03: BASIC CONCEPTS OF OBJECTS ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Lecture 04: BENEFITS OF OOP
Lecture 05: Basics of C++
Lecture 06: Tokens
Lecture 07: Basic Data types in C++
Lecture 08: Symbolic Constant
Lecture 09: Operators
Lecture 10: Control Structures
Lecture 11: Functions in C++
Lecture 12: Function Overloading
Lecture 13: Class
Lecture 14: Member Function
Lecture 15: Nesting of Member function
Lecture 16: Array with Class
Lecture 17: Static Data Member
Lecture 18: Friendly functions
Lecture 19: Returning Objects
Lecture 20: Constructors
Lecture 21: Destructors
Lecture 22 & 23: Operator Overloading
Lecture 24: Type Conversion
Lecture 25: Class to Basic type
Lecture 26: Inheritance
Lecture 27: Multilevel Inheritance
Lecture 28: Hierarchical Inheritance
Lecture 29: Virtual Base Class
Lecture 30: Polymorphism
Lecture 31: Virtual functions
Lecture 32: Pure Virtual Functions
Lecture 33: C++ function overriding
Lecture 34: Exception Handling
Lecture 35: Array reference out of bound
Lecture 36: Containership in C++
Lecture 37: Template
Lecture 38: Class Template
Lecture 39: Virtual destructors
Lecture 40: Managing Console I/O
Lecture 41: Namespaces
Lecture 42: New & Delete Operators



4 P.T.O

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