ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE Anatomy And Physiology Study Guide

Protein Pepsin Chief Cells (gastric gland) Stomach Trypsin Pancreas Small Intestine TEAS 6 Science Peptidases Small Intestine Small Intestine Nucleic Acids Nuclease Pancreas Small Intestine Nucleosidase Pancreas Small Intestine Lipids Lipase Pancreas Small Intestine Bile Salt Liver→ Gallbladder Small Intestine *Bile is technically not an enzyme, but a salt that emulsifies lipid into fatty droplets. Chief Cells: Covert pepsinogen to pepsin G o bl et C el ls : M u c us se cr et io ns P ar ie ta l C el ls : H C l pr o d u ct io n Peyer's Patches: Lymphatic Tissue found in Ileum to protect GI tract from pathogens Integumentary System Epidermis: Most superficial layer of skin; entirely epithelial cells • Does NOT contain blood vessels • 5 layers • Stratum Corneum : "Top Layer"- Dead keratinocytes • Stratum Lucidum: "Clear Layer"- Colorless protein eleidin • Stratum Granulosum: "Thin Layer"- granular layer • Stratum Spinosum: "Spiny Layer"- Thickest layer, keratinocytes, immune dendritic cells, sensory cells • Stratum Basale: "Basal Layer"- Bottom layer; contains melanocytes. Dermis: Directly below epidermis; mostly connective tissue • Contains blood vessels • Sensory receptors • Hair follicles • Sebaceous glands • Sweat glands • Elastin and Collagen fibers Hypodermis/SubQ: Connective tissue • Binds the skin to underlying muscle • Fat deposits cushion and insulate the body Glands Exocrine: Secrete substances into ducts • Holocrine: secretory products; whole cells; connected to hair follicle • Sebaceous Glands: secrete sebum: an oily mixture of lipids and proteins; water proofs skin, protects from pathogens • Eccrine: Not connected to hair follicle, activated by high body temperature, located throughout the body. A type of sweat gland (sudoriferous gland) in thermoregulation. • Secrete a salty solution of electrolytes and water • NaCl • KHCO3 TEAS 6 Science • Glucose • Antimicrobial Peptides • Apocrine: Secrete an oily solution (fatty acids, triglycerides, and proteins) • Located in: • Armpits • Groin • Palms • Soles of feet • Secrete (sweat) during anxiety or stress • Body Odor forms from bacteria feeding on apocrine sweat