Herzing University HESI Milestone Exam
1 Questions with Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Histamine1 blockers action (mine, zine, dine) - Answer - bind selectively to H1-
histaminic receptors, blocking the actions of histamine at these sites
H1 antagonists are useful in treating - Answer - -mild allergies (seasonal rhinitis)
-severe allergies (anaphylaxis)
-motion sickness
-insomnia
-common cold
Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists action (tidine) - Answer - block the H2 receptors
responsible for stimulating the secretion of gastric acid
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia - Answer - -can occur right after meals
-for severe hypoglycemia give IV dextrose
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia teaching - Answer - -teach about s/s of hypoglycemia
(cold and clammy give them candy)
-have glucagon emergency kit available
-regular monitoring of A1c levels are required
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia causes - Answer - -insulin overdose
-reduced food intake
-vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive alcohol intake
-unaccustomed exercise
-termination of pregnancy
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia - Answer - -tachycardia
-palpitations
-sweating
-nervousness
-headache
-confusion
-drowsiness
, -fatigue
antitussives therapeutic action is to - Answer - Act on the cough control center in the
medulla to suppress the cough reflex; used for a cough that is nonproductive and
irritating
Anaphylaxis‐PCN - Answer - -laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe
hypotension= immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis treatment - Answer - epinephrine (subQ, IM, or IV) plus respiratory support
What drugs are effective and safe alternatives for patients with penicillin allergies? -
Answer - vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin
To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop patients should be? - Answer
- observed for at least 30 minutes after drug injection (i.e., until the risk of an
anaphylactic reaction has passed).
To minimize the chances of an anaphylactic reaction, penicillin should be administered -
Answer - an initial small dose is followed at 60-minute intervals by progressively larger
doses until the full therapeutic dose has been achieved
Morphine overdose treatment - Answer - -Naloxone (narcan)
-Intravenous, IM, and subQ. For initial treatment, administer IV
CT‐diarrhea‐action - Answer - -decrease intestinal motility and thereby slow intestinal
transit, which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes
-activation of opioid receptors decreases secretion of fluid into the small intestine and
increases absorption of fluid and salt.
ACE inhibitor‐hyperkalemia - Answer - -Inhibition of aldosterone release (secondary to
inhibition of angiotensin II production) can cause potassium retention by the kidney.
-significant potassium accumulation is limited to patients taking potassium supplements,
salt substitutes (which contain potassium), or a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Leukotrienes‐teaching - Answer - 1. To take medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals
2. To increase fluid intake
3. Not to discontinue the medication and to take it as
prescribed, even during symptom-free period
Methadone therapeutic use - Answer - Relief or prevention of moderate to severe pain
while causing minimal respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention, and other
adverse effects.
1 Questions with Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Histamine1 blockers action (mine, zine, dine) - Answer - bind selectively to H1-
histaminic receptors, blocking the actions of histamine at these sites
H1 antagonists are useful in treating - Answer - -mild allergies (seasonal rhinitis)
-severe allergies (anaphylaxis)
-motion sickness
-insomnia
-common cold
Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists action (tidine) - Answer - block the H2 receptors
responsible for stimulating the secretion of gastric acid
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia - Answer - -can occur right after meals
-for severe hypoglycemia give IV dextrose
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia teaching - Answer - -teach about s/s of hypoglycemia
(cold and clammy give them candy)
-have glucagon emergency kit available
-regular monitoring of A1c levels are required
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia causes - Answer - -insulin overdose
-reduced food intake
-vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive alcohol intake
-unaccustomed exercise
-termination of pregnancy
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia - Answer - -tachycardia
-palpitations
-sweating
-nervousness
-headache
-confusion
-drowsiness
, -fatigue
antitussives therapeutic action is to - Answer - Act on the cough control center in the
medulla to suppress the cough reflex; used for a cough that is nonproductive and
irritating
Anaphylaxis‐PCN - Answer - -laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe
hypotension= immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis treatment - Answer - epinephrine (subQ, IM, or IV) plus respiratory support
What drugs are effective and safe alternatives for patients with penicillin allergies? -
Answer - vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin
To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop patients should be? - Answer
- observed for at least 30 minutes after drug injection (i.e., until the risk of an
anaphylactic reaction has passed).
To minimize the chances of an anaphylactic reaction, penicillin should be administered -
Answer - an initial small dose is followed at 60-minute intervals by progressively larger
doses until the full therapeutic dose has been achieved
Morphine overdose treatment - Answer - -Naloxone (narcan)
-Intravenous, IM, and subQ. For initial treatment, administer IV
CT‐diarrhea‐action - Answer - -decrease intestinal motility and thereby slow intestinal
transit, which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes
-activation of opioid receptors decreases secretion of fluid into the small intestine and
increases absorption of fluid and salt.
ACE inhibitor‐hyperkalemia - Answer - -Inhibition of aldosterone release (secondary to
inhibition of angiotensin II production) can cause potassium retention by the kidney.
-significant potassium accumulation is limited to patients taking potassium supplements,
salt substitutes (which contain potassium), or a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Leukotrienes‐teaching - Answer - 1. To take medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals
2. To increase fluid intake
3. Not to discontinue the medication and to take it as
prescribed, even during symptom-free period
Methadone therapeutic use - Answer - Relief or prevention of moderate to severe pain
while causing minimal respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention, and other
adverse effects.
