CLP 4110: EATING DISORDERS FSU -
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Sociocultural Influences - ANSWER - - Eating disorders are
more common in industrialized nations and are more common in
women than men
- Eating disorder incidence has increased during the 20th
century
Cultural Influences - ANSWER - - The emergence of the thin
ideal in industrialized nations in the 20th century particularly
influenced women
Changing Beauty Ideals - ANSWER - - Miss America
contestants were smaller than most women in the US and were
not representative of average body weight
- Winners of the pageant after 1970 all had weights lower than
other contestants
- Being thin gave more of a competitive image for being seen as
more beautiful
- Starting in 1970, all of the winners were medically
underweight
Thin Ideal in History - ANSWER - - Not new to the latter half of
the 20th century - i.e. the "flapper" in the 1920's
,- Dip in incidence of AN during the 1950's (era of Marilyn
Monroe)
- times in which women are more likely to work outside the
home are associated with dinner ideals of beauty
- Financial prosperity and abundance of food linked it
associating beauty with thinness
- If there was a lack of food, only the poor would be skinny
- BMI associated with socioeconomic status (more money and
higher education associated with weighing less)
Thinness is a commodity - ANSWER - - In order to be
successful, you need to be thin
- Created market for all the dieting and detox products
- Get people to spend more money on being thin to help the
economy
Body Image - ANSWER - - Women faced discrepancy between
their current weight/shape and ideal weight/shape
- Ideal weight is underweight, and current weight is overweight
for average US women
- Body dissatisfaction makes sense in the current climate
Rodgers et al. - Background - ANSWER - - The extreme thin
ideal promoted by the fashion industry implicated in etiology of
eating disorders
- Extreme thin ideal is also a health risk for models in the
fashion industry
- Following the deaths of several models, several countries have
passed laws requiring minimum BMI's or clothing sizes to
reduce mortality
,- Effective policy change requires involvement of key
stakeholders
Rodgers et al. - Objective - ANSWER - - Use triggers to action
framework to effect change by asking models about:
1. Pressure to lose weight
2. Use of unhealthy weight control behaviors
3. Impact and feasibility of specific policy proposals aimed to
improve working conditions and health of models
4. Exploratory questions to examine the association between
model characteristics (age, type of modeling, BMI,
race/ethnicity) and perception of policy change
Rodgers et al. - Hypotheses/Methods - ANSWER - +
Hypotheses
- Models would endorse pressures from agents/industry to lose
weight
- Models who received pressure to lose weight would be more
likely to use unhealthy weight control behaviors
- Factors that increase work insecurity may influence perceived
impact/feasibility
+ Methods
- participants: 85 female fashion models, 18 years and older
- Completed online surveys
Rodgers et al. - Results - ANSWER - + BMI
- Mean = 17.41, range 14.5-26.5
+ Majority endorsed pressures to lose weight in the last year
- 62.4% were asked to lose weight or change body shape/size
- 63.1% were told they would not get work unless they lost
weight
, - Unhealthy weight control behaviors were common in models
and all but vomiting were associated with pressures to lose
weight for work
Rodgers et al. - Impact and Feasibility - ANSWER - - Being
given food and a break was the only thing that was rated as both
positive and feasible
- Nothing else was rated as very feasible
+ Correlates of impact and feasibility
- Impact: higher BMI associated with higher ratings for setting
minimum BMI, regular medical check-ups, and preventing
firing due to weight changes
Rodgers et al. - Discussion - ANSWER - - Models who were
most likely to be helped by policy changes evaluate them least
positively
- Internalization of the thin ideal
- Eliminate factor that increases success fir for naturally thin
women in industry
- Minimum BMI may be undermined by last minute extreme
efforts to lose weight prior to fashion shows
Stigma against obesity - ANSWER - - Not only is it good to be
thin, its bad to be fat; this cultural belief goes beyond issues of
medical health
- Belief that people can control their weight contributes to
blaming overweight people for being overweight
- Overweight people thought to be lazy, stupid, lonely, weak,
and dependent
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Sociocultural Influences - ANSWER - - Eating disorders are
more common in industrialized nations and are more common in
women than men
- Eating disorder incidence has increased during the 20th
century
Cultural Influences - ANSWER - - The emergence of the thin
ideal in industrialized nations in the 20th century particularly
influenced women
Changing Beauty Ideals - ANSWER - - Miss America
contestants were smaller than most women in the US and were
not representative of average body weight
- Winners of the pageant after 1970 all had weights lower than
other contestants
- Being thin gave more of a competitive image for being seen as
more beautiful
- Starting in 1970, all of the winners were medically
underweight
Thin Ideal in History - ANSWER - - Not new to the latter half of
the 20th century - i.e. the "flapper" in the 1920's
,- Dip in incidence of AN during the 1950's (era of Marilyn
Monroe)
- times in which women are more likely to work outside the
home are associated with dinner ideals of beauty
- Financial prosperity and abundance of food linked it
associating beauty with thinness
- If there was a lack of food, only the poor would be skinny
- BMI associated with socioeconomic status (more money and
higher education associated with weighing less)
Thinness is a commodity - ANSWER - - In order to be
successful, you need to be thin
- Created market for all the dieting and detox products
- Get people to spend more money on being thin to help the
economy
Body Image - ANSWER - - Women faced discrepancy between
their current weight/shape and ideal weight/shape
- Ideal weight is underweight, and current weight is overweight
for average US women
- Body dissatisfaction makes sense in the current climate
Rodgers et al. - Background - ANSWER - - The extreme thin
ideal promoted by the fashion industry implicated in etiology of
eating disorders
- Extreme thin ideal is also a health risk for models in the
fashion industry
- Following the deaths of several models, several countries have
passed laws requiring minimum BMI's or clothing sizes to
reduce mortality
,- Effective policy change requires involvement of key
stakeholders
Rodgers et al. - Objective - ANSWER - - Use triggers to action
framework to effect change by asking models about:
1. Pressure to lose weight
2. Use of unhealthy weight control behaviors
3. Impact and feasibility of specific policy proposals aimed to
improve working conditions and health of models
4. Exploratory questions to examine the association between
model characteristics (age, type of modeling, BMI,
race/ethnicity) and perception of policy change
Rodgers et al. - Hypotheses/Methods - ANSWER - +
Hypotheses
- Models would endorse pressures from agents/industry to lose
weight
- Models who received pressure to lose weight would be more
likely to use unhealthy weight control behaviors
- Factors that increase work insecurity may influence perceived
impact/feasibility
+ Methods
- participants: 85 female fashion models, 18 years and older
- Completed online surveys
Rodgers et al. - Results - ANSWER - + BMI
- Mean = 17.41, range 14.5-26.5
+ Majority endorsed pressures to lose weight in the last year
- 62.4% were asked to lose weight or change body shape/size
- 63.1% were told they would not get work unless they lost
weight
, - Unhealthy weight control behaviors were common in models
and all but vomiting were associated with pressures to lose
weight for work
Rodgers et al. - Impact and Feasibility - ANSWER - - Being
given food and a break was the only thing that was rated as both
positive and feasible
- Nothing else was rated as very feasible
+ Correlates of impact and feasibility
- Impact: higher BMI associated with higher ratings for setting
minimum BMI, regular medical check-ups, and preventing
firing due to weight changes
Rodgers et al. - Discussion - ANSWER - - Models who were
most likely to be helped by policy changes evaluate them least
positively
- Internalization of the thin ideal
- Eliminate factor that increases success fir for naturally thin
women in industry
- Minimum BMI may be undermined by last minute extreme
efforts to lose weight prior to fashion shows
Stigma against obesity - ANSWER - - Not only is it good to be
thin, its bad to be fat; this cultural belief goes beyond issues of
medical health
- Belief that people can control their weight contributes to
blaming overweight people for being overweight
- Overweight people thought to be lazy, stupid, lonely, weak,
and dependent
