ESL TEXES Supplemental Questions & Answers 100% Correct

Acculturation - ANSWERSThe process of adapting to a new culture. The process of acculturation occurs through several strategies including the following: - ANSWERSassimilation & marginalization Assimilation - ANSWERSThe members of a group are absorbed into a culture and lose characteristics of the first culture. The group is willing or forced to accept the surface and deep culture of the new culture and give up original culture. Marginalization - ANSWERSGroups lacking desirable traits are excluded from society. These groups include poor, uneducated, undesirable color and language. These groups will stay on the margin of acceptance by society unless there is social intervention. Adaptation - ANSWERSFinding ways to adapt to and become part of the new culture while maintaining important values and customs of the original culture. Affective Filter - ANSWERSThe psychological barrier that allows input to be filtered through to a language processing mechanism. A low filter has little anxiety increasing comprehension and attention. Assimilation - ANSWERSDeciding to become like members of the new culture, to accept their surface and deep culture, and giving up the original culture. Bilingual Education - ANSWERSAn educational program in which two languages are used during instruction in order to 1) continue primary language development, 2) provide instruction in content in both L1 and L2, and 3) English acquisition. BICS - ANSWERS(Cummins, J. ) Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills: Skills necessary for functioning in every day life, face-to face interactions. These skills usually take about two years to develop in most second language learners. Brain Laterization - ANSWERSRefers to functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain which affects language acquisition. CALP - ANSWERS(Cummins, J. ) Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency: The aspects of language linked to literacy and academic achievement. These skills usually take five to seven years to fully develop in Second language learners. Chompsky, Noam - ANSWERSProfessor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT. He is credited with the creation of the Theory of Generative Grammar. His naturalistic approach to the study of language affected the philosophy of language and mind through his theory of the Language Acquistion Device. His work influenced the works of Krashen and Terrell among others. Cognates - ANSWERSWords which have a common origin. There are 3 distinct levels. They are: True Cognate- Partial Cognate- False Cognate True Cognate - ANSWERSThe word is spelled the same, meaning the same, but pronunciation will be different according to language structure of the words such as an accent mark. Example: English- rodeo Spanish- rodeo Partial Cognate - ANSWERSThe word in other languages has the same origin but the spelling will differ. The meaning will be the same but the pronunciation due to the language structure will be different. Example: english- fragrance spanish- frangancia english- apple german apfel False Cognate - ANSWERSThe word in another language may have the same origin but will have different spelling and different meaning. Pronunciation will be different. Example: English- ext- to go out, leave Spanish- exito- success English- embarrassed- uncomfortable Spanish embarazada- pregnant Cognitive Strategies - ANSWERSLearning strategies that are taught to promote independent learning and higher order thinking skills. Comprehensible Input - ANSWERSLanguage that is understood by the learner. Focuses on meaning first and uses simplified speech. Connotation - ANSWERSThe implying or suggesting of an additional meaning for a word or phrase apart from the explicit meaning. Culture - ANSWERSis shared beliefs, values , and rule governed by patterns of behavior that define a group. (Peregoy & Boyle, 2001) It includes what people know and believe, what people do, and what people make and use. Surface Culture - ANSWERSPart of culture that can be seen: Language, clothing, food, customs, and art. Deep Culture - ANSWERSBelow the surface are the more meaningful and powerful aspects of culture: a. Beliefs- what we see as truth b. Norms- unwritten rules for behavior c. values- what we hold most important Culture Shock - ANSWERSThe realization of the depth of difference between home culture and the new culture; may cause frustration, anger, and depression.