Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1(Complete solutions)

Apoptosis correct answers A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations Necrosis correct answers Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and heart) correct answers hypoxia What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? correct answers ischemia Main component of a cell correct answers nucleus What does the nucleus contain? correct answers nucleolus What is the nucleolus composed of? correct answers RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones Why are histone important? correct answers histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division What are ribosomes? correct answers RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) Where can ribosomes be found? correct answers cytoplasm and rough ER what are ribosomes chief function? correct answers provides sits for cellular protein synthesis What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? correct answers a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell What does the Golgi apparatus do? correct answers takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell What are lysosomes and what do they do? correct answers maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption How does aging affect lysosomes? correct answers leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue