GNUR 297 FINAL EXAM COMPLETE REVIEW SOLUTION A+

GNUR 297 FINAL EXAM COMPLETE REVIEW SOLUTION A+ MNT for Diabetes GI Liver Renal Cancer CVD Pulmonary Stress Parenteral Etc What are the ideal lipid profile fasting levels ( cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL) - ANS-Total cholesterol 200 HDL 40 (the higher the better) LDL 100 Triglycerides (TG) 150 What does HDL do? - ANS--Removes cholesterol from blood -Takes LDL back to liver *think, H for healthy for HDL* T/F HDL increases with estrogen and exercise & decreases with smokingT - ANS-T Would a person undergoing menopause likely have increased or decreases HDL? - ANS-Decreased b/c less estrogen means less HDL T/F LDL increases with sat fat intake - ANS-T What kind of fats are the following oils? 1) coconut 2) butter 3) olive oil 4) canola 5) avocado 6) corn 7) sunflower 8) fish 9) peanut oil - ANS-1) coconut-sat 2) butter-sat 3) olive oil-MUFA (monoUnsaturated fatty acid) 4) canola-MUFA 5) avocado-MUFA 6) corn-PUFA 7) sunflower-PUFA 8) fish-PUFA 9) peanut oil-MUFA T/F omega 3 & omega 6 fatty acids are a type of MUFA - ANS-F-type of PUFA What is the TLC diet? elements of the diet? - ANS-Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet for someone who is diagnosed with high cholesterol aka MNT for CVD Elements: 1) Saturated fat less than 7% of total intake (general guidelines for people w/o high cholesterol is 10%) 2) Dietary intake of cholesterol less than 200 mg (decreasing dietary intake of cholesterol is only effective if you have high cholesterol, not if you dont have high cholesterol) 3)Increase consumption of plant stanols/sterols to 2g/day 4) increase SOLUBLE fiber to 10-25 g/day 5)Adjust total energy intake (aka reduce cals to lose weight :((( 6)Physical activity to expend at least 200kcal/day soluble vs insoluble fiber - ANS-Soluble fiber-AKA HAS PHARMACOTHERAPY PROPERTIES LIKE LOWER CHOLEST & CONTROL BG (fruits/citrus fruits, legumes, nuts, seeds, brown rice, and oat, barley and rice brans) lowers blood cholesterol and helps to control blood sugar levels while providing very little energy. Insoluble fibre-AKA POOP BULK NO CALS (wheat and corn bran, whole-grain breads and cereals, vegetables, fruit skins, nuts) doesn't provide any calories. How can you reduce sat fat (one of the elements of the TLC diet)? - ANS-1) have no more than 2 egg yolks/week (1 yolk has 213 mg!! which is more than recommendation per day) 2) cut down on red meats 3)avoid hydrogenated fats 4) modify fats to be lower in fat like bake vs fried What is the adequate intake for fiber?? - ANS--14 grams per 1,000 kcal a day or about 20-38 g/day (depending on age too) What is the minimum recommendation for carbs per day (to prevent ketoacidosis aka breakdown fat for energy which produces ketones) - ANS-130 g / day is DRI but 100 g is needed minimum to prevent ketoacidosis What % of calorie intake should be carbs? fats? protein? - ANS-45-65% carbs, fats 20-35%, protein 10- 35% OR, more specifically, 0.8 g/kg body weight T/F soy protein is effective in reducing LDL - ANS-T-25 g of soy protein/day may reduce LDL 4-8% in pt's with hypercholesterolemia...