NURS373--PAEDIATRIC NURSING AND OPD
PRACTICUM
(Third Year – Trimester II 2023 final exam reiew)
/-A+ GUARANTEED ANSWERS-/
Wound Care Basics >>answer>>Wash wound with mild soap and water and rinse
Avoid povidone-iodine, alcohol and hydrogen peroxide since it''s Toxic to wounds
Cover open wound Leave wide margin of intact skin around dressing Remove
dressing if leakage, remove carefully
pruritus >>answer>>most common complaint of skin lesions, causes itching
relief of itching symptoms >>answer>>cooling baths, compresses, mittens for
younger children, short nails, antipruritic medication
different types of skin infections >>answer>>bacterial, absess formation and
severity depending on skin integrity
What is diaper dermatitis? >>answer>>- irritation of urine and feces, clothing is
not rinsed properly, chemical irritation (from wipes
nursing considerations of diaper dermatitis >>answer>>alter wetness, pH and
fecal irritants
what causes diaper dermatitis? what does it look like? >>answer>>candiasis-
beefy red central erythema with satellite pustules and sharply dermacated edges
,Atopic dematitis >>answer>>aka eczema, characterized by intense itching and
skin inflammation, it is hereditary, and associated with food allergies, allergic
rhinitis and asthma
burns >>answer>>thermal injury, toddlers have it due to hot water scalds, older
children get them due to flame-related burns, BUT CAN INDICATE child abuse
first degree burn >>answer>>Superficial burns through only the epidermis,
examples are sunburns, dry and red, blanch on pressure with minimal edema
second degree burn >>answer>>A burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial
destruction of dermis with edema and hyperemia of the tissues beneath the burn.
full thickness burn >>answer>>a burn in which all the layers of the skin are
damaged. There are usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and
white. Also called a third-degree burn.
therapeutic management of burns >>answer>>-1st priority: airway
-fluid replacement critical
-enhanced metabolic demands so; *high protein, high calorie diet, TPN as
necessary*
-Prevention: install smoke detectors
enhanced metabolic demands, meds: antibiotics, analgesics, anesthetics for
procedural pain
reasons of immobility >>answer>>congenital defects, degenerative disease,
infections that impair integ, neuro and msk systems, therapies
,physiologic effects of immobilization- msk >>answer>>decreased muscle strength
and endurance
physiologic effects of immobilization- skeletal >>answer>>bone demineralization,
negative calcium balance
physiologic effects of immobilization- metabolism >>answer>>decreased
metabolic rate, hypercalcemia
physiologic effects of immobilization- CVS >>answer>>altered distribution of
blood, venous statsis, dependent edea, diminished vasopressor mechanism
physiologic effects of immobilization- resp >>answer>>decreased need for
oxygen, diminished vital capacity, poor abdominal tone, poor distention, loss of
resp muscle and strength
physiologic effects of immobilization- gi >>answer>>distention caused by poor
abdominal muscle tone, weakened smooth muscle tone, constipation, anorexia
physiologic effects of immobilization- integ >>answer>>decreased circulation,
pressure leading to decreased healing capacity
physiologic effects of immobilization- urinary system >>answer>>alteration of
gravitational force, difficulty voiding, urinary retention
Psychologic effects of immobilization >>answer>>Diminished environmental
stimuli
Altered perception of self and environment
Increased feelings of frustration, helplessness, anxiety
, Depression, anger, aggressive behavior
Developmental regression
immobilization effect on families >>answer>>logistic management of sick child,
family support and home care assistance, coping skills
traumatic injury >>answer>>a disease process that results from injury that causes
tissue damage, sports injuries, mishaps during play
fractures >>answer>>common injury in children, diff peds treatments than adults,
infants only get them with motor vehicle collisions, school age children get them
due to bike and sport injuries
Epiphyseal Injuries >>answer>>Weakest point of long bones is the cartilage
growth plate (epiphyseal plate). Frequent site of damage during trauma. May affect
future bone growth. Treatment may include open reduction and internal fixation to
prevent growth disturbances.
Types of fractures >>answer>>simple (does not produce break), compound (open,
bone protrudes through skin), complicated (bone fragments have damaged other
organs and tissues), comminuted (small fragments are broken from fractured shaft,
lying in tissue)
5 P's of fracture assessment >>answer>>Pain and point of tenderness
Pulse: distal to the fracture site
Pallor
Paresthesia: sensation distal to the fracture site
Paralysis: movement distal to the fracture site
PRACTICUM
(Third Year – Trimester II 2023 final exam reiew)
/-A+ GUARANTEED ANSWERS-/
Wound Care Basics >>answer>>Wash wound with mild soap and water and rinse
Avoid povidone-iodine, alcohol and hydrogen peroxide since it''s Toxic to wounds
Cover open wound Leave wide margin of intact skin around dressing Remove
dressing if leakage, remove carefully
pruritus >>answer>>most common complaint of skin lesions, causes itching
relief of itching symptoms >>answer>>cooling baths, compresses, mittens for
younger children, short nails, antipruritic medication
different types of skin infections >>answer>>bacterial, absess formation and
severity depending on skin integrity
What is diaper dermatitis? >>answer>>- irritation of urine and feces, clothing is
not rinsed properly, chemical irritation (from wipes
nursing considerations of diaper dermatitis >>answer>>alter wetness, pH and
fecal irritants
what causes diaper dermatitis? what does it look like? >>answer>>candiasis-
beefy red central erythema with satellite pustules and sharply dermacated edges
,Atopic dematitis >>answer>>aka eczema, characterized by intense itching and
skin inflammation, it is hereditary, and associated with food allergies, allergic
rhinitis and asthma
burns >>answer>>thermal injury, toddlers have it due to hot water scalds, older
children get them due to flame-related burns, BUT CAN INDICATE child abuse
first degree burn >>answer>>Superficial burns through only the epidermis,
examples are sunburns, dry and red, blanch on pressure with minimal edema
second degree burn >>answer>>A burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial
destruction of dermis with edema and hyperemia of the tissues beneath the burn.
full thickness burn >>answer>>a burn in which all the layers of the skin are
damaged. There are usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and
white. Also called a third-degree burn.
therapeutic management of burns >>answer>>-1st priority: airway
-fluid replacement critical
-enhanced metabolic demands so; *high protein, high calorie diet, TPN as
necessary*
-Prevention: install smoke detectors
enhanced metabolic demands, meds: antibiotics, analgesics, anesthetics for
procedural pain
reasons of immobility >>answer>>congenital defects, degenerative disease,
infections that impair integ, neuro and msk systems, therapies
,physiologic effects of immobilization- msk >>answer>>decreased muscle strength
and endurance
physiologic effects of immobilization- skeletal >>answer>>bone demineralization,
negative calcium balance
physiologic effects of immobilization- metabolism >>answer>>decreased
metabolic rate, hypercalcemia
physiologic effects of immobilization- CVS >>answer>>altered distribution of
blood, venous statsis, dependent edea, diminished vasopressor mechanism
physiologic effects of immobilization- resp >>answer>>decreased need for
oxygen, diminished vital capacity, poor abdominal tone, poor distention, loss of
resp muscle and strength
physiologic effects of immobilization- gi >>answer>>distention caused by poor
abdominal muscle tone, weakened smooth muscle tone, constipation, anorexia
physiologic effects of immobilization- integ >>answer>>decreased circulation,
pressure leading to decreased healing capacity
physiologic effects of immobilization- urinary system >>answer>>alteration of
gravitational force, difficulty voiding, urinary retention
Psychologic effects of immobilization >>answer>>Diminished environmental
stimuli
Altered perception of self and environment
Increased feelings of frustration, helplessness, anxiety
, Depression, anger, aggressive behavior
Developmental regression
immobilization effect on families >>answer>>logistic management of sick child,
family support and home care assistance, coping skills
traumatic injury >>answer>>a disease process that results from injury that causes
tissue damage, sports injuries, mishaps during play
fractures >>answer>>common injury in children, diff peds treatments than adults,
infants only get them with motor vehicle collisions, school age children get them
due to bike and sport injuries
Epiphyseal Injuries >>answer>>Weakest point of long bones is the cartilage
growth plate (epiphyseal plate). Frequent site of damage during trauma. May affect
future bone growth. Treatment may include open reduction and internal fixation to
prevent growth disturbances.
Types of fractures >>answer>>simple (does not produce break), compound (open,
bone protrudes through skin), complicated (bone fragments have damaged other
organs and tissues), comminuted (small fragments are broken from fractured shaft,
lying in tissue)
5 P's of fracture assessment >>answer>>Pain and point of tenderness
Pulse: distal to the fracture site
Pallor
Paresthesia: sensation distal to the fracture site
Paralysis: movement distal to the fracture site
