NAVLE Complete State Exam Guide 2024 Questions and Answers

NAVLE Complete State Exam Guide 2024 Questions and Answers A person calls to to say she adopted a friend's dog and requests a copy of the dog's medical record and radiographs. The former owner is a client at your clinic. Which one of the following choices is the most appropriate action to take? A - Require original owner consent or court order to release information B - Give caller a copy of medical record only C - Give caller a copy of medical record and radiographs D - After physical exam, start a new medical record documenting previous issues E - Give a summarized record with personal identifiers (vet, owner names) blocked out - CORRECT ANSWER-A - Require original owner consent or court order to release information According to the AVMA's Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics (2008 revision) "Ethically, the information within veterinary medical records is considered privileged and confidential. It must not be released except by court order or consent of the owner of the patient. Veterinarians should secure a written release to document that request." Which of the following drugs is known for stimulating appetite in small animals? A - Omeprazole B - Tetracycline C - Acyclovir D - Cyproheptadine - CORRECT ANSWER-D - Cyproheptadine The correct answer is cyproheptadine. Other appetite stimulants used for stimulating food consumption include mirtazipine, diazepam and oxazepam. Omeprazole is a PPI used for gastric ulcers in horses and small animals. It irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase at secretory surface of parietal cells Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It reversibly binds to 30S subunit to prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to RNA-ribosome complex. Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that inhibits the replication of herpesviruses. Severe combined immunodeficiency is a lethal autosomal recessive trait in Arabian foals. Heterozygotes are clinically normal. If the heterozygote carrier rate for the genetic mutation is 8%, what is the expected frequency of Arabian foals that are homozygous for the mutated allele? A - 25% B - 4% C - 0.064% D - 0.16% E - 2% F - 0.64% - CORRECT ANSWER-D - 0.16% You do not need to know anything about the disease in this question in order to get the correct answer. You are told that the disease is recessive and has a carrier rate of 8% Because the trait is recessive, homozygotes will be the only individuals affected. In order for a foal to be born homozygous for the trait, BOTH parents MUST be carriers. The chances of both parents being carriers is 8% x 8% (or 0.08 x 0.08) = 0.0064 or 0.64%. If both parents are carriers, the offspring has a 1 in 4 chance of inheriting two mutant alleles (50% chance for each allele from each parent). Since the chances of both parents being carriers is 0.64% and the chance of having a homozygous offspring in that case is 1 in 4, the overall expected frequency of diseased foals is 0.0064 x 0.25= 0.0016 or 0.16%. An aged intact female potbellied pig presents for evaluation of abdominal distension. A large mass contiguous with the uterine wall is discovered with ultrasound exam of the abdomen. Which of the following choices is the most likely cause of this finding? A - Uterine leiomyoma B - Endometritis C - Adenocarcinoma of the cervix D - Lymphosarcoma E - Endometrial hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-A - Uterine leiomyoma The most likely cause of a large uterine mass in an intact female potbellied pig is a uterine leiomyoma. These tumors do not typically metastasize so a cure may be achieved by surgical removal of the utuers. A stray dog is presented after being hit by a car. The dog has hypotonic forelimbs and spastic paresis in the hinds. All four limbs have proprioceptive deficits and sensation loss-signs are worse in the forelimbs. Where is the lesion? A - Cranial cervical: C1-C5 B - Cannot say without cutaneous trunci reflex results C - Lumbosacral L4-S3 D - Thoracolumbar T3-L3 E - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2 - CORRECT ANSWER-E - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2. Weak, hypotonic (Lower motor neuron-LMN) f