Oceanography 100 Test 2 SDSU Exam Questions and Answers

Oceanography 100 Test 2 SDSU Exam Questions and Answers water molecule (basic atomic structure) - CORRECT ANSWER-1 oxygen (negative); 2 hydrogen (positive) Hydrogen bond: inter-molecular bonds (bond water molecules together) Polarity - CORRECT ANSWER-Water is a polar molecule; electromagnetic H end: partial (+) charge, attracts (-) O end: partial (-) charge, attracts (+) thus, dissolves substances (universal solvent) 3 phases of water - CORRECT ANSWER-solid (ice) liquid (water) gas (vapor) In order to make water change phases, you must either add or remove heat heat capacity (of water) - CORRECT ANSWER-amount of heat required to raise temp. of 1 gm of a substance by 1 degree C water: 4.184 Salinity - CORRECT ANSWER-salinity- total amount of dissolved solids (ions) in water (35%: avg. salinity of seawater) Density - CORRECT ANSWER-density- mass/volume salinity/density/temp - CORRECT ANSWER-high latitudes=low salinity - high precipitation, low evap, river runoff, melting icebergs subtropical latitudes (30)=high salinity - high evap, low precipitation, low runoff equator=salinity in between - high evap, high precipitation max density of water - CORRECT ANSWER-at 4 degrees C decreased in density w/ freezing; ice floats (less dense molecules are farther apart) most abundant salt ions - CORRECT ANSWER-chloride sodium Application: salinity - CORRECT ANSWER-Mediterranean: sea dried up 6 mil. years ago, how do we know? - layers of solid rock salt are found below the sea