Bio 253 final exam (195 Questions with
Complete Solutions)
Organelles are
Organs of the Urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal vein, ureter,
nephron
functional unit of the kidney
nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron?
Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of?
capillaries
Function of a nephron
filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types
juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons
-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons
-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
,How is urine made in the kidney?
1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration
hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus?
filtrate
What is filtrate?
mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop
Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no
water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop?
@ Lowest concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop?
Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+
absorbed in the ascending limb.
tubular secretion
-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function
directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function
, -decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells
kidneys
ANH function
Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH
increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of
water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more water because of the
ADH
flow of urine through kidney
Glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Needed to form a blood clot
Ca+, K+, fibrinogen, platlets
Hepatic drains blood from
small intestine, spleen, pancreas, stomach
supplies the liver with blood form the aorta
Parts of the nephron in order
Bowmans Capsule -> Proximal Tubule -> Loop of Henle -> Distal Tubule -> Collecting duct
function of upper respiratory tract
filters, warms, and humidifies air
Complete Solutions)
Organelles are
Organs of the Urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal vein, ureter,
nephron
functional unit of the kidney
nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron?
Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of?
capillaries
Function of a nephron
filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types
juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons
-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons
-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
,How is urine made in the kidney?
1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration
hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus?
filtrate
What is filtrate?
mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop
Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no
water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop?
@ Lowest concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop?
Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+
absorbed in the ascending limb.
tubular secretion
-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function
directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function
, -decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells
kidneys
ANH function
Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH
increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of
water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more water because of the
ADH
flow of urine through kidney
Glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Needed to form a blood clot
Ca+, K+, fibrinogen, platlets
Hepatic drains blood from
small intestine, spleen, pancreas, stomach
supplies the liver with blood form the aorta
Parts of the nephron in order
Bowmans Capsule -> Proximal Tubule -> Loop of Henle -> Distal Tubule -> Collecting duct
function of upper respiratory tract
filters, warms, and humidifies air
