Internal Organs of Head and Neck
14 February 2023 15:17
Screen clipping taken: 14/02/2023 15:26
- tonsillectomy: important to know blood supply of palatine tonsils!
External Part of the Nose - Tensor Veli palatini is more lateral, changes into a tendon as it runs next to the hamulus and then runs - waldeyer's ring: palatine, tubarian, pharyngeal, lingual
- nasal bone + frontal part of maxilla into aponeurosis of soft palate - lingual tonsils have an almost vertical arrangement in space and form the
- piriform aperture is anterior opening - levator veli palatini more medial and doesn't go around the hamulus, directly spreading into the anterior wall of the oropharynx
- choana is posterior opening soft palate - part of defence system of the body
- superiorly lies the cartilaginous part of the eustachian tube - terminal sulcus is V-shaped in middleish
- cartilage not closed, lateral and medial plates of the cartilage: it is closed by a connective - large papillae behind terminal sulcus
- mouth is very first part of gastrointestinal system
tissue membrane - smaller ones in front are fungiform papillae -> red because no keratosis
- roof of oral cavity is palatine process of maxilla, posterior is horizontal plate of palatine bone
- alveolar processes of mandible and maxilla - serves for equilibration of air pressure inside tympanic cavity and nasopharynx
- tensor V.P. tenses and elevates a bit the soft palate so that food doesn't go into the nasal - kiesselbach area: transition between vestibule of nose covered by
- vestibulum of oral cavity: bordered anteriorly and laterally by the lip; laterally also the buccinator (part keratinized skin to where hair disappears and it's just mucosa
cavity
between teeth and lips)
- auditory tube opens into nasopharynx
- teeth and gums border the oral cavity proper all the way to the throat/faucis (to the pharynx) - - soft palate is border of nasopharynx - anterior aspect of parotid gland: triangular shape
oropharyngeal isthmus - piriform recess on side of larynx - extension over the masseter muscle
- Pharynx: proximally nasal pharynx, behind isthmus it's the oropharynx, behind larynx is laryngopharynx - rima glottidis is a very narrow part of the larynx - upper pole reaches zygomatic arch
- continues downwards as the oesophagus - lateral sulcus of the tongue - lower pole reaches angle of mandible
- anterior to oesophagus is trachea - excretory duct may contain accessory lobe
- hyoglossus - ex. Duct turns and pierces buccinator to enter oral cavity in upper
Contents vestibule at level of second molar
- roof of oral cavity proper is covered by a thick mucous membrane: hard palate going into the soft
- hpoglossal nerve - parotideomasseteric fascia is very strong so mumps is very painful
palate - mainly serous production
- ends in the uvula - submandibular duct
- stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium - lingual nerve (?)
- lingual artery is not in the sulcus!!! - submandibular gland
- tongue forms base of oral cavity proper - serous and mucous products
- pharyngeal rafe (???) where the muscle fibres fuse
- periosteum covers hard palate, continues to soft palate/uvula as a connective tissue membrane - located in submandibular triangle
Tongue - facial artery makes a groove on the surface
- uvula deviates from midline in case of stroke in area of cranial nerves such as vagus and - genioglossus radiates up into tongue from mandible - contains branches from facial artery
glossopharyngeal - mucosa covers the bottom of the oral cavity under the tongue - covered by superficial cervical fascia
- fold at the border of teeth and tongue -> sublingual gland elevates mucosa to form this fold -> - it has a lobe curving over the mylohoid into the superior surface and may
- Palatine arches contain muscles - they are folds sublingual fold become continuous with sublingual salivary gland
- dorsum, root, - excretory duct of sublingual and submandibular open into the sublingual
- palatoglossal arch
- buccinator end on pterygomandibular rafe (between the hamulus and the mandible) caruncle which have tiny holes on them (one each) medially
- palatopharyngeal arch (posterior to pg arch, running to Pharynx) - sublingual gland has mainly mucous production
- Cross sections of muscles in soft palate Blood supply of tonsil
Neck fascias - tubarian gland by auditory tube
- responsible for moving the arches: opening/widening or closing transition into pharynx - small salivary glands all over the tongue
Pharynx+ posterior wall (which layers of fascia are connected to it?)
- levator veli palatini - serous glands near circumvallate papillae
- tensor veli palatini
- originate from bony skull and insert in aponeurotic membrane of soft palate - pterygomandibular raphe
- palatine tonsils found between the two arches - pharyngobasilar membrane posterior wall
- attachment on pharyngeal tubercule of skull for the superior constrictor
muscle and the membrane
- palatopharyngeal muscle contracts: elevation of pharynx
- lateral wall of pharynx attaches to pterygomandibular raphe
- in nasopharynx is the cartilage of eustachian tube communication
- content of oral cavity proper is the tongue between tympanic cavity and nasopharynx
- tongue is a muscular organ - soft palate marks end of nasopharynx
- longitudinal, frontal and transverse muscle fibres
- there are some muscles radiating into the tongue - genioglossus and hyoglossus - deep lingual vein on undersurface of tongue
- dorsum of tongue is rough due to papillae - undersurface is much smoother and thinner
- under surface is smooth - great for absorption for medicine
- frenulum of the tongue in the middle - foramen caecum is where excretory duct of thyroid gland used to be
- small glands under the mucous membranes
- secrete mucus and saliva to lubricate food in the oral cavity for swallowing
Nasopharynx
- from the choana
- bordered by soft palate anteriorly
- vertebral column posteriorly
- body of sphenoid bone forming sphenoid sinus
- pharyngeal tonsil in children 2-6 years of age
- lateral side: auditory tube (half bony half cartilaginous wall)
- tubarian tonsil
- lateral fossa/recess of nasopharynx
Screen clipping taken: 14/02/2023 15:46
Screen clipping taken: 14/02/2023 18:07
Screen clipping taken: 21/02/2023
14:53
MACROANATOMY II Page 1
,MACROANATOMY II Page 2
, Screen clipping taken: 21/02/2023 14:38
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 17:50
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:25
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:14 Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:29
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:18
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:33
MACROANATOMY II Page 3
, MACROANATOMY II Page 4
14 February 2023 15:17
Screen clipping taken: 14/02/2023 15:26
- tonsillectomy: important to know blood supply of palatine tonsils!
External Part of the Nose - Tensor Veli palatini is more lateral, changes into a tendon as it runs next to the hamulus and then runs - waldeyer's ring: palatine, tubarian, pharyngeal, lingual
- nasal bone + frontal part of maxilla into aponeurosis of soft palate - lingual tonsils have an almost vertical arrangement in space and form the
- piriform aperture is anterior opening - levator veli palatini more medial and doesn't go around the hamulus, directly spreading into the anterior wall of the oropharynx
- choana is posterior opening soft palate - part of defence system of the body
- superiorly lies the cartilaginous part of the eustachian tube - terminal sulcus is V-shaped in middleish
- cartilage not closed, lateral and medial plates of the cartilage: it is closed by a connective - large papillae behind terminal sulcus
- mouth is very first part of gastrointestinal system
tissue membrane - smaller ones in front are fungiform papillae -> red because no keratosis
- roof of oral cavity is palatine process of maxilla, posterior is horizontal plate of palatine bone
- alveolar processes of mandible and maxilla - serves for equilibration of air pressure inside tympanic cavity and nasopharynx
- tensor V.P. tenses and elevates a bit the soft palate so that food doesn't go into the nasal - kiesselbach area: transition between vestibule of nose covered by
- vestibulum of oral cavity: bordered anteriorly and laterally by the lip; laterally also the buccinator (part keratinized skin to where hair disappears and it's just mucosa
cavity
between teeth and lips)
- auditory tube opens into nasopharynx
- teeth and gums border the oral cavity proper all the way to the throat/faucis (to the pharynx) - - soft palate is border of nasopharynx - anterior aspect of parotid gland: triangular shape
oropharyngeal isthmus - piriform recess on side of larynx - extension over the masseter muscle
- Pharynx: proximally nasal pharynx, behind isthmus it's the oropharynx, behind larynx is laryngopharynx - rima glottidis is a very narrow part of the larynx - upper pole reaches zygomatic arch
- continues downwards as the oesophagus - lateral sulcus of the tongue - lower pole reaches angle of mandible
- anterior to oesophagus is trachea - excretory duct may contain accessory lobe
- hyoglossus - ex. Duct turns and pierces buccinator to enter oral cavity in upper
Contents vestibule at level of second molar
- roof of oral cavity proper is covered by a thick mucous membrane: hard palate going into the soft
- hpoglossal nerve - parotideomasseteric fascia is very strong so mumps is very painful
palate - mainly serous production
- ends in the uvula - submandibular duct
- stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium - lingual nerve (?)
- lingual artery is not in the sulcus!!! - submandibular gland
- tongue forms base of oral cavity proper - serous and mucous products
- pharyngeal rafe (???) where the muscle fibres fuse
- periosteum covers hard palate, continues to soft palate/uvula as a connective tissue membrane - located in submandibular triangle
Tongue - facial artery makes a groove on the surface
- uvula deviates from midline in case of stroke in area of cranial nerves such as vagus and - genioglossus radiates up into tongue from mandible - contains branches from facial artery
glossopharyngeal - mucosa covers the bottom of the oral cavity under the tongue - covered by superficial cervical fascia
- fold at the border of teeth and tongue -> sublingual gland elevates mucosa to form this fold -> - it has a lobe curving over the mylohoid into the superior surface and may
- Palatine arches contain muscles - they are folds sublingual fold become continuous with sublingual salivary gland
- dorsum, root, - excretory duct of sublingual and submandibular open into the sublingual
- palatoglossal arch
- buccinator end on pterygomandibular rafe (between the hamulus and the mandible) caruncle which have tiny holes on them (one each) medially
- palatopharyngeal arch (posterior to pg arch, running to Pharynx) - sublingual gland has mainly mucous production
- Cross sections of muscles in soft palate Blood supply of tonsil
Neck fascias - tubarian gland by auditory tube
- responsible for moving the arches: opening/widening or closing transition into pharynx - small salivary glands all over the tongue
Pharynx+ posterior wall (which layers of fascia are connected to it?)
- levator veli palatini - serous glands near circumvallate papillae
- tensor veli palatini
- originate from bony skull and insert in aponeurotic membrane of soft palate - pterygomandibular raphe
- palatine tonsils found between the two arches - pharyngobasilar membrane posterior wall
- attachment on pharyngeal tubercule of skull for the superior constrictor
muscle and the membrane
- palatopharyngeal muscle contracts: elevation of pharynx
- lateral wall of pharynx attaches to pterygomandibular raphe
- in nasopharynx is the cartilage of eustachian tube communication
- content of oral cavity proper is the tongue between tympanic cavity and nasopharynx
- tongue is a muscular organ - soft palate marks end of nasopharynx
- longitudinal, frontal and transverse muscle fibres
- there are some muscles radiating into the tongue - genioglossus and hyoglossus - deep lingual vein on undersurface of tongue
- dorsum of tongue is rough due to papillae - undersurface is much smoother and thinner
- under surface is smooth - great for absorption for medicine
- frenulum of the tongue in the middle - foramen caecum is where excretory duct of thyroid gland used to be
- small glands under the mucous membranes
- secrete mucus and saliva to lubricate food in the oral cavity for swallowing
Nasopharynx
- from the choana
- bordered by soft palate anteriorly
- vertebral column posteriorly
- body of sphenoid bone forming sphenoid sinus
- pharyngeal tonsil in children 2-6 years of age
- lateral side: auditory tube (half bony half cartilaginous wall)
- tubarian tonsil
- lateral fossa/recess of nasopharynx
Screen clipping taken: 14/02/2023 15:46
Screen clipping taken: 14/02/2023 18:07
Screen clipping taken: 21/02/2023
14:53
MACROANATOMY II Page 1
,MACROANATOMY II Page 2
, Screen clipping taken: 21/02/2023 14:38
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 17:50
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:25
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:14 Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:29
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:18
Screen clipping taken: 15/02/2023 18:33
MACROANATOMY II Page 3
, MACROANATOMY II Page 4
