WSU Bio 102 Final Exam
How does BPA cause cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER-it disrupts meiosis and mitosis causing
breast and prostate cancer.
3 and 7 plastics may contain BPA
What is a genetic fingerprint? how do you make one? - CORRECT ANSWER--Genetic
Fingerprint: DNA uses the differences in base sequences to identify individuals.
-DNA fingerprinting involves 3 tools:
1. PCR to get large amounts of DNA
2. Restriction digest with blunt ends to fragment the DNA with precision
3. Gel electrophoresis to separate and visualize the DNA fragments
Genetic engineering - how can you insert a gene into a new cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER--Genetic engineering is the permanent introduction of one or more genes into a cell,
tissue, or organism.
1) Use PCR to isolate Gene
2) Cut the plasmid DNA with restriction enzymes (using a staggered cut)
3) The ends of the cut have an overhanging piece of single stranded DNA
4) The "sticky ends" will base pair with the DNA containing complementary sticky ends.
5) Use heat shock to get the genetically engineered plasmid into the cell.
How are scientists using genetic engineering to create plants that make vaccines? - CORRECT
ANSWER--They identify and synthesize a single viral gene that codes for the virus
Three steps for inserting gene into new cell. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Transcription (copy the
code into mRNA)
2. mRNA Splicing (remove non-coding sequences)
3. Translation (translate the language of the nucleic acids into the language of the amino acids).
Which plant is close to being approved by the FDA to make flu vaccines? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Tobacco
What is the mode of action for each of the different birth control methods (how do they work)? -
CORRECT ANSWER-intrauterine device - most effect, t-shaped device w/ hormones
condoms - the worst
Bioengineering organs - revisit the story of how scientists are creating blood vessels that can be
transplanted into patients and not have to worry about the body rejecting the tissue. -
CORRECT ANSWER--They collected smooth muscle cells from the blood vessels of organ
donors and grew those muscle cells on a biodegradable frame shaped like a blood vessel. For
, the body to not reject the tissue, the original donors muscle cells had to be washed away. Once
implanted, the donors own muscle and blood accept the tube and fill in the cracks.
Blood vessels, nerve grafts, bladders, and windpipes have all successfully been implanted into
humans. Lungs kidneys and hearts are being worked on.
Antibiotic resistance - what is MRSA? How does bacteria become resistant to our antibiotics? -
CORRECT ANSWER--MRSA is Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. It is a staph skin
infection that is resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin and methicillin.
-Bacteria become resistant to our antibiotics through three steps of natural selection:
1.) Variation - If some bacteria happen to have an allele that can detoxify an antibiotic...
2.) Selection - When the antibiotic is added to the environment it will kill those without the allele.
3.) Reproduction - Individuals with the allele will survive and reproduce.
- Next generation has more bacteria with the resistance allele.
What does science study? - CORRECT ANSWER--Science is a body of knowledge about the
natural world and an evidence-based process for acquiring that knowledge.
When someone makes a claim in science, what kind of support do they need to have that claim
accepted as true? - CORRECT ANSWER-A scientific claim is a state about how the world works
that can be proved or disproved using the scientific method.
. What is a theory in science? - CORRECT ANSWER--A "theory" is an overarching explanation
of a variety of related observations. (exam definition)
-A scientific theory is an explanation of a group of related hypotheses that has been repeatedly
confirmed by diverse lines of evidence.
What is a hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-A hypothesis is an educated guess that is
falsifiable about a natural phenomenon.
We discussed the fact that experiments are designed to falsify the hypothesis rather than
support it. Explain what this means and why science is set up this way. - CORRECT
ANSWER--Experiments are designed to falsify a hypothesis because the results never "prove"
the hypothesis is correct. Science is open to revision if data compel it.
-To say a hypothesis is "falsifiable" means it is possible to imagine some observation that would
show the hypothesis is false. (from exam)
You must be careful when drawing conclusions - what is the difference between causation and
correlation? How can correlation lead to faulty conclusion? - CORRECT ANSWER-
The cell membrane is "semi-permeable". What does this mean? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
means that the cell can pass liquid and particles back and forth through the cell wall. This is
crucial for maintaining equal gradients in and out of the cell.
How does BPA cause cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER-it disrupts meiosis and mitosis causing
breast and prostate cancer.
3 and 7 plastics may contain BPA
What is a genetic fingerprint? how do you make one? - CORRECT ANSWER--Genetic
Fingerprint: DNA uses the differences in base sequences to identify individuals.
-DNA fingerprinting involves 3 tools:
1. PCR to get large amounts of DNA
2. Restriction digest with blunt ends to fragment the DNA with precision
3. Gel electrophoresis to separate and visualize the DNA fragments
Genetic engineering - how can you insert a gene into a new cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER--Genetic engineering is the permanent introduction of one or more genes into a cell,
tissue, or organism.
1) Use PCR to isolate Gene
2) Cut the plasmid DNA with restriction enzymes (using a staggered cut)
3) The ends of the cut have an overhanging piece of single stranded DNA
4) The "sticky ends" will base pair with the DNA containing complementary sticky ends.
5) Use heat shock to get the genetically engineered plasmid into the cell.
How are scientists using genetic engineering to create plants that make vaccines? - CORRECT
ANSWER--They identify and synthesize a single viral gene that codes for the virus
Three steps for inserting gene into new cell. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Transcription (copy the
code into mRNA)
2. mRNA Splicing (remove non-coding sequences)
3. Translation (translate the language of the nucleic acids into the language of the amino acids).
Which plant is close to being approved by the FDA to make flu vaccines? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Tobacco
What is the mode of action for each of the different birth control methods (how do they work)? -
CORRECT ANSWER-intrauterine device - most effect, t-shaped device w/ hormones
condoms - the worst
Bioengineering organs - revisit the story of how scientists are creating blood vessels that can be
transplanted into patients and not have to worry about the body rejecting the tissue. -
CORRECT ANSWER--They collected smooth muscle cells from the blood vessels of organ
donors and grew those muscle cells on a biodegradable frame shaped like a blood vessel. For
, the body to not reject the tissue, the original donors muscle cells had to be washed away. Once
implanted, the donors own muscle and blood accept the tube and fill in the cracks.
Blood vessels, nerve grafts, bladders, and windpipes have all successfully been implanted into
humans. Lungs kidneys and hearts are being worked on.
Antibiotic resistance - what is MRSA? How does bacteria become resistant to our antibiotics? -
CORRECT ANSWER--MRSA is Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. It is a staph skin
infection that is resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin and methicillin.
-Bacteria become resistant to our antibiotics through three steps of natural selection:
1.) Variation - If some bacteria happen to have an allele that can detoxify an antibiotic...
2.) Selection - When the antibiotic is added to the environment it will kill those without the allele.
3.) Reproduction - Individuals with the allele will survive and reproduce.
- Next generation has more bacteria with the resistance allele.
What does science study? - CORRECT ANSWER--Science is a body of knowledge about the
natural world and an evidence-based process for acquiring that knowledge.
When someone makes a claim in science, what kind of support do they need to have that claim
accepted as true? - CORRECT ANSWER-A scientific claim is a state about how the world works
that can be proved or disproved using the scientific method.
. What is a theory in science? - CORRECT ANSWER--A "theory" is an overarching explanation
of a variety of related observations. (exam definition)
-A scientific theory is an explanation of a group of related hypotheses that has been repeatedly
confirmed by diverse lines of evidence.
What is a hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWER-A hypothesis is an educated guess that is
falsifiable about a natural phenomenon.
We discussed the fact that experiments are designed to falsify the hypothesis rather than
support it. Explain what this means and why science is set up this way. - CORRECT
ANSWER--Experiments are designed to falsify a hypothesis because the results never "prove"
the hypothesis is correct. Science is open to revision if data compel it.
-To say a hypothesis is "falsifiable" means it is possible to imagine some observation that would
show the hypothesis is false. (from exam)
You must be careful when drawing conclusions - what is the difference between causation and
correlation? How can correlation lead to faulty conclusion? - CORRECT ANSWER-
The cell membrane is "semi-permeable". What does this mean? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
means that the cell can pass liquid and particles back and forth through the cell wall. This is
crucial for maintaining equal gradients in and out of the cell.
