. NSG 522 FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A BRAND NEW VERSION
1. What is epidemiology?: The study of the distribution and determinants of health
related states or events in specified populations and the application of this
knowledge to the control of health problems.
3. What do the measurements of epidemiology focus on?: Distribution of health-
related states and events and the determinants of health-related states and events
4. Describe epidemiology as a quantitive science.: Epidemiology is a story about
health related states and events supported with data; measurement is an essential
feature.
5. What are the two types of epidemiology?: Descriptive and Analytic
6. What does descriptive epidemiology describe?: Describing the when, where,
and who, descriptive epidemiology studies the distribution, the frequency, and the
pattern of health related states and events.
7. What does analytic epidemiology describe?: Analytic epidemiology focuses on
the cause and the effect. The "why" examines potential causes and also explains
those causes; the determinants. Analytic epidemiology quantifies the association
between exposures and outcomes to determine causal relationships.
8. List the determinants of health.: Biological
Environmental
Social
Health Behaviors
9. What are the biological sources of disease?: Congenital Hereditary
Infectious
Inflammatory
Metabolic
Nutritional
Tumors
Vascular
10. What are the environmental sources of disease?: Allergens
Chemical Exposures
Infectious Organisms
Nutrition
Physical Agents
Trauma
11. What are the health behavioral sources of disease?: Nutrition
Physical Activity
1/8
, Rest and Relaxation
Tobacco Use
Alcohol Use
Illicit Substance Use
Immunization
12. What is multicausality?: The idea that every causal mechanism involves the joint
action of a multitude of component causes.
The cause of all diseases is multifactorial.
13. Describe the "Casual Pie" model.: Causative agent or event
Characteristics of the person
Characteristics of the environment
Presence of preventative factors
Action of catalysts or addictive factors
Mediating and moderating factors
Interaction between the factors
14. Describe the Bradford Hill Criteria for Causation.: Strength of association
Consistency
Specificity
Temporal relationship
Biological gradient
Plausibility
Coherence
Analogy
Experimental evidence
15. Name the 3 Models used to understand the occurrence of disease.:
Epidemiological Triad or Triangle
BEINGS Model
Web of Causation
16. What does the "BEINGS" model of disease stand for?: B- Biological or
Behavioral
E- Environmental
I- Immunological
N-Nutritional
G-Genetic
S-Services, Social, Spiritual
17. Spectrum of Disease: Describes the severity of disease and can vary from mild
to fatal
18. What is natural history of disease?: Natural history of a disease describes the
progression of the disease process over time in an untreated individual
19. Describe how the natural history of a disease describes the stages of a
disease.: 1. Stage of susceptibility
2/8
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A BRAND NEW VERSION
1. What is epidemiology?: The study of the distribution and determinants of health
related states or events in specified populations and the application of this
knowledge to the control of health problems.
3. What do the measurements of epidemiology focus on?: Distribution of health-
related states and events and the determinants of health-related states and events
4. Describe epidemiology as a quantitive science.: Epidemiology is a story about
health related states and events supported with data; measurement is an essential
feature.
5. What are the two types of epidemiology?: Descriptive and Analytic
6. What does descriptive epidemiology describe?: Describing the when, where,
and who, descriptive epidemiology studies the distribution, the frequency, and the
pattern of health related states and events.
7. What does analytic epidemiology describe?: Analytic epidemiology focuses on
the cause and the effect. The "why" examines potential causes and also explains
those causes; the determinants. Analytic epidemiology quantifies the association
between exposures and outcomes to determine causal relationships.
8. List the determinants of health.: Biological
Environmental
Social
Health Behaviors
9. What are the biological sources of disease?: Congenital Hereditary
Infectious
Inflammatory
Metabolic
Nutritional
Tumors
Vascular
10. What are the environmental sources of disease?: Allergens
Chemical Exposures
Infectious Organisms
Nutrition
Physical Agents
Trauma
11. What are the health behavioral sources of disease?: Nutrition
Physical Activity
1/8
, Rest and Relaxation
Tobacco Use
Alcohol Use
Illicit Substance Use
Immunization
12. What is multicausality?: The idea that every causal mechanism involves the joint
action of a multitude of component causes.
The cause of all diseases is multifactorial.
13. Describe the "Casual Pie" model.: Causative agent or event
Characteristics of the person
Characteristics of the environment
Presence of preventative factors
Action of catalysts or addictive factors
Mediating and moderating factors
Interaction between the factors
14. Describe the Bradford Hill Criteria for Causation.: Strength of association
Consistency
Specificity
Temporal relationship
Biological gradient
Plausibility
Coherence
Analogy
Experimental evidence
15. Name the 3 Models used to understand the occurrence of disease.:
Epidemiological Triad or Triangle
BEINGS Model
Web of Causation
16. What does the "BEINGS" model of disease stand for?: B- Biological or
Behavioral
E- Environmental
I- Immunological
N-Nutritional
G-Genetic
S-Services, Social, Spiritual
17. Spectrum of Disease: Describes the severity of disease and can vary from mild
to fatal
18. What is natural history of disease?: Natural history of a disease describes the
progression of the disease process over time in an untreated individual
19. Describe how the natural history of a disease describes the stages of a
disease.: 1. Stage of susceptibility
2/8
